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Item FERMENTASI NIRA NIPAH (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) MENJADI BIOETANOL MENGGUNAKAN KHAMIR Pichia stipitis DALAM BIOFLO 2000 FERMENTOR(2013-01-09) Jenova, Febrio; Chairul; HafidawatiWorld ethanol consumption for various use has increased significantly in recent years. Therefore it is necessary to have an alternative source of raw material for the production of bioethanol that can be improved. Nypa sap is one of the potential materials to be processed into bioethanol. Availability of land large enough nypa in Indonesia as well as a fairly high sugar content (15-20%) making nypa sap is a potential to be processed into bioethanol. Through the process of fermentation using yeast Pichia stipitis, glucose is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide. Preparation of starter do with the yeast Pichia stipitis inoculum in the fermentation medium so that the yeast is able to adapt and ready for fermentation. Fermentation takes place in batches with a volume of 8 liters of fermentation medium, starter volume variation of 10%, 15%, 20%, and variations of fermentation time 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The degree of acidity of the fermentation medium is maintained at pH 4.5, stirring speed 200 rpm and temperature of fermentation at room temperature. Ethanol concentration was analyzed by using alcoholmeter. The fermentation process is shown in optimum condition starter volume increase of 20% and a fermentation time of 48 hours with initial sugar concentration of 150.999 mg / ml. The concentration of ethanol obtained in this condition is 9% (v / v) or 71.037 mg / ml with the acquisition of 92.244% yield.Item Fermentasi Nira Nipah Kental Menjadi Bioetanol Menggunakan Saccharomices Cerevisiae(2013-05-27) Yuanita, Helnanda; Chairul; Peratenta MariaEnergy is of particular concern because of the increasingly limited availability so encouraged to find alternative energy. Which has great potential in the new and renewable energy sources are palm sap. Availability of land large enough palm in Indonesia as well as a fairly high sugar content (15-20%) making palm sap is a potential to be processed into bioethanol. Through the process of fermentation using yeast Saccharomices cerevisiae, glucose is converted into ethanol. Fermentation takes place in batches with a volume of 150 ml fermentation medium and the volume of 15% with a variation starter fermentation time 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 and 96 hours and viscosity variations palm sap fifth evaporation, 2/5 evaporation and 3/5 of evaporation. Initial fermentation medium acidity at pH 5 and a temperature of fermentation at room temperature. Ethanol concentration was analyzed by using alkoholmeter. The fermentation process is shown in optimum viscosity 3/5 evaporation and fermentation time of 48 hours with ethanol concentration obtained was 94.716 mg / ml.Item Fermentasi Nira Nipah Menjadi Bioetanol Menggunakan Sacharomyces cereviceae Pada Fermentor 70 Liter(2013-03-20) Abdullah, Muhammad Irsyad; Chairul; Yenti Silvia ReniEthanol consumption of the world for a variety of uses has increased very significantly in recent years. Therefore it is necessary to alternate sources of raw materials to manufacture bioethanol and bioethanol production can be increased. Nipa sap is one of potential materials to be processed into bioethanol. Availability of nypa palm land in Indonesia and a fairly high sugar content (15-20%) makes nipa sap has the potential to be processed into bioethanol, so that produce an useful and high valuable product and then in education, that is give data process fermentation of nipa sap with comparison of pH and scale of fermentation. Through a fermentation process using yeast Saccharomyces cereviceae, glucose is converted into bioethanol and carbon dioxide. Starter preparation is done by the yeast Saccharomyces cereviceae inoculum in the 10% of fermentation medium so that yeast is able to adapt and ready for fermentation. Fermentation takes place in batches with a volume of 50 liters of fermentation medium, variations in the pH 4.5, 5.0, 5.5 and variations of fermentation time of 24, 36, 48, 60 dan 72 hours. The stirring speed of 200 rpm and temperature of fermentation at room temperature (25 - 30 0C). Ethanol concentrations were analyzed using alkoholmeter. The process of optimum fermentation conditions indicated in the addition of starter pH 4,5 and fermentation time of 36 hours of the initial sugar concentration of 221,163 mg/ml. Bioethanol concentration obtained in this condition is 14% (v/v) or 112,793 mg/ml with the acquisition of 97,969% yield.Item Fermentasi Nira Nipah Skala 50 Liter Menjadi Bioetanol Menggunakan Saccharomyces Cerevisiae(2013-06-27) Umaiyah, Ade Sri; Chairul; Yenti Silvia ReniOne of the natural resources that can be utilized alternative into bioethanol is palm sap. Preparation stater done by culturing medium Saccharomyces cereviseae as developer on 10% yeast fermentation medium thus able to adapt and be ready to do the fermentation. This study aims to make bioethanol from palm sap 50-liter scale with variations in pH 4,5; 5 and 5,5 and fermentation time 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hours.. Batch fermentation process takes place with a stirring speed of 200 rpm and temperature of fermentation at room temperature (25-300C). The optimum fermentation conditions indicated on the initial conditions of pH 4,5 and fermentation time of 48 hours the acquisition of or 9% .Item FERMENTASI NIRA SORGUM MENJADI BIOETANOL DALAM FERMENTOR BIOFLO 2000 MENGGUNAKAN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE(2012-10-30) Purnama, Edi; Chairul; HafidawatiIncreased energy demand of fuel oil (BBM) of the world have limited the availability of raw materials in the form of natural resources dwindling fossil fuels. The increase in energy demand over the years 2000 - 2009 an average of 7% per year. Based on data from the Directorate General of New Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation of the share of non-fossil energy <5%, in order to meet the fuel needs to be developed non-fossil fuels. One type of biofuel (BBN) is bioethanol. The raw material is potentially as sweet sorghum bioethanol (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Sorghum juice contains glucose levels from 10 to 14.40%. Bioethanol is the result of fermentation of carbohydrates with the help of microorganisms. In order to produce bioethanol plant scale, it is necessary to scale up the manufacture of bioethanol from sorghum juice through fermentation using Sacharomyces cereviceae biofermentor 10 000 ml size and alcohol concentration test using alkoholmeter. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of volume and time starter fermentation to ethanol production levels, optimum fermentation conditions and growth kinetics of Saccharomyces cereviceae with volume variation starter (250 ml 500 ml and 750 ml) at each sampling time (6; 12; 24; 48; 72 and 96 hours). The fermentation process takes place in batches on the operating conditions of pH (4.0 to 5.0,) stirring speed of 200 rpm and at room temperature. 5000 ml juice fermented sorghum, with initial sugar concentration of 118.138 mg / ml as a fermentation medium is best demonstrated on the condition of the addition of 250 ml volume starter, fermentation time 72 hours with concentrations of ethanol produced 55.251 mg / ml, the ethanol yield of 91.702 g / ml with a final sugar concentration of 0.082 mg / ml, specific growth rate -0.0022 hour-1, petumbuhan maximum specific rate of 0.064 hr-1 and the substrate saturation constant of 0.024 gr / l.Item Kesetimbangan Biosorpsi Logam Berat Pb(Ii) Dengan Biomassa Aspergillus Niger(2015-09-28) Listiarini; Putra, Maeko; Amri, Amun; Fadli, Ahmad; Heltina, Desi; ChairulPenelitian Kesetimbangan Biosorpsi Logam Berat Pb2+ dengan Biomassa Aspergillus Niger dilakukan untuk mendapatkan karakteristik dan parameter kesetimbangan biosorpsi yang berguna bagi perancangan unit operasinya. Percobaan diawali dengan pembiakan biomassa Aspergillus Niger sehingga mencapai jumlah yang cukup untuk percobaan. Sejumlah 1 mg biomassa dikontakkan dengan 25 ml larutan logam Pb2+ pada berbagai konsentrasi larutan awal (Co) di dalam erlenmeyer sampai mencapai waktu kesetimbangan, dan dilakukan pada suhu kamar serta pH 5. Dengan menggunakan AAS sampel dianalisa, kemudian diperoleh sederet pasangan data logam yang tersisa dalam larutan (Ce) dan logam terjerap saat kesetimbangan (qe), yang kemudian diplot membentuk kurva kesetimbangan (isotherm) adsorpsi (biosorpsi). Percobaan yang sama dilakukan untuk mendapatkan kurva isotherm adsorpsi pada berbagai variasi suhu dan pH yang lain, yaitu suhu 40 0C dan 50 0C serta pH 3 dan pH 8. Dari percobaan diperoleh waktu kesetimbangan sekitar 24 jam, data kesetimbangan (isotherm) menunjukkan bahwa proses biosorpsi berlangsung optimal pada pH 5 dan suhu kamar (270C) dan adsorpsi yang terjadi merupakan sistem yang komplek dengan kombinasi dari berbagai mekanisme. Nilai konstanta kesetimbangan Langmuir sebesar KL = 0,0295 l/mg dan nilai panas adsorpsi (ΔH) sebesar –0,73225 kcal/mol oK.Item KINETIKA DAN KARAKTERISTIK UNJUK KERJA OKSIDASI BASAH ASAM FORMIAT DAN ASAM ASETAT(2013-03-14) Chairul; Saputra, Edy; Zul Amraini, SaidOksidasi basah (wet oxidation) merupakan cara yang sangat baik untuk mengolah buangan menunjukkan kandungan senyawa organic (COD, Chemical Oxygen Demand) yang tinggi. Bila sumber iksigen berasal dari udara disebut iksidasi basah (wet oxidation) . Oksidasi basah adalah plilihan yang tepat untuk menjawab ketidakmampuan proses COD yang sangat tinggi. Chairul (1996) mengolah lumeran sampah ( leachate) yang memiliki kandungan COD 300mg/L menggunakan proses lumpur aktif. Efisiensi pengolahan yang didapatkan rata-rata 86.42% dan hasil olahan mengandung konsentrasi COD yang cukup berarti. Teknik oksidasi basah menjadi popular dan menguntungkan di kalangan ahl lingkungan untuk mengolah limbahorganik sampai mencapai standar buangan yang didizinkan (shande, 1994).Item Kinetika Reaksi Pengolahan Limbah Cair dengan Sistem Lumpur Aktif Menggunakan EM 4 sebagai Kultur Mikroorganisme(2016-02-25) Purwaningsih, Is Sulistyati; Chairul; Amraini, Said ZulPenelitian pengelolaan COD air limbah kota dengan menggunakan Sistem Lumpur Aktif (activated sludge) dijalankan dalam suatu rangkaian reaktor lumpur aktif aliran sinambung dengan EM 4 (Effective Microorganism 4) sebagai sumber mikroba. Reaktor dilengkapi dengan aerator yang berfungsi sebagai sumber oksigen untuk mikroba sekaligus sebagai pengaduk. Sebagai umpan digunakan limbah cair sintesis dengan COD 1020 mg/l yang dimasukkan ke dalam Reaktor Alir Tangki Berpengaduk (RATB) dengan SRT (Solid Retention Time) pada kisaran antara 5 – 20 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa reaktor lumpur aktif mampu menyisihkan COD antara 79-88 %. Pada kondisi SRT 5,10,15 dan 20 hari tersebut di atas, diperoleh nilai MLSS berturut-turut 544, 613, 651 dan 677 mg/l. Dari penelitian juga diperoleh kinetika pengolahan secara biologi berupa koefisien perolehan sel (Y) sebesar 0,5994 mg sel/mg COD substrat, laju kematian spesifik (kd) sebesar 0,7078 /hari, laju pemanfaatan substrat maksimum (k) sebesar 3,288/hari, dan konstanta setengah jenuh (Ks) = 135,583 mg/l. Ditinjau dari kadar COD, keluaran dari hasil pengolahan belum memenuhi baku mutu standar kualitas air.Item Pengaruh Laju Alir Umpan Terhadap pH dan Alkalinitas Limbah Cair Sagu dalam Bioreaktor Hibrid Anaerob Bermedia Batu pada Kondisi Tunak(2012-10-23) Lestari, Yuliza Fuji; Ahmad Adrianto; ChairulIn producing sago flour takes 20,000 liters of water per ton of starch, where 94% of the water would be liquid waste, so about 19,000 liters of wastewater generated sago starch per ton When directly discharged into the water on a continuous basis it could lead to pollution of the waters. The way of handling the problem of wastewater treatment can be done by using a hybrid anaerobic bioreactor mediated stones. One of the factors that influence of the anaerobic process success is pH and alkalinity. The purpose of this research to determine the effect of feed flow rate on pH and alkalinity in anaerobic hybrid bioreactor at steady state by looking at the pH and alkalinity parameters and determine the optimum conditions for anaerobic processes. Process variables measured were feed flow rate of 2.5 L / day, 3.3 L / day, 5 L / day, and 10 L / day operating conditions at room temperature and the bioreactor working volume 10 L. The results showed that the optimum feed flow rate obtained on 2.5 L / day with an average pH of 6.8 and alkalinity of 2280 mg / L.Item Pengaruh Penambahan KH2PO4, MGSO4.7H2O, dan (NH4)2SO4 Terhadap Fermentasi Nira Nipah Menjadi Bioetanol Menggunakan Sacharomyces cereviceae pada Fermentor 70 Liter(2013-07-16) Firnanda, Yerri; Chairul; Yenti Silvia ReniEthanol consumption of the world for a variety of uses has increased very significantly in recent years. Therefore it is necessary to alternate sources of raw materials to manufacture bioethanol and bioethanol production can be increased. Nipa sap is one of potential materials to be processed into bioethanol. Availability of nypa palm land in Indonesia and a fairly high sugar content (15-20%) makes nipa sap has the potential to be processed into bioethanol. Through a fermentation process using yeast Saccharomyces cereviceae, glucose is converted into bioethanol and carbon dioxide. Starter preparation is done by the yeast Saccharomyces cereviceae inoculum in the 10% of fermentation medium so that yeast is able to adapt and ready for fermentation. Fermentation takes place in batches with a volume of 50 liters of fermentation medium, variety of nutrient enrichment KH2PO4 (0.6, 0.9 1.2 g / l), MgSO4.7H2O (0.3, 0.4, 0.5 g / l) , and (NH4) 2SO4 (0.5, 0.6, 0.7 g / l) and variations of fermentation time 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66 and 72 hours. Stirring speed of 200 rpm and temperature of fermentation at room temperature (25 - 300C). Ethanol concentration was analyzed by using Alkoholmeter. The process of optimum fermentation conditions shown in run 3 with variations addition to a concentration of 0.5, 0.7, 1.2 g / l and fermentation time 60 hours with initial sugar concentration of 205.278 mg / ml. Ethanol concentrations obtained in these conditions was 13% (v / v) or 102.609 mg / ml with the acquisition of 98.010% yield.Item Pengaruh pH dan Waktu dalam Pembuatan Bioetanol dari Reject Pulp dengan Metode Sakarifikasi Ko-Fermentasi Serentak (SKFS)(2013-01-14) Maulana, Arbi; Chairul; Fermi Muhammad IwanReject pulp has not been harnessed into value-added products. Utilization of reject pulp containing 85.16% cellulose, 10.33% hemicellulose, lignin-klason 3.15%, 1.16% extractive-EB and 0.20% ash (ash) can be done with the Saccharification and Co- Fermentation unison (SKFS) to be converted into bioethanol. Saccharification process using the enzyme cellulase, xylanase and selobiase and co-fermentation process using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the pH and the best time to produce bioethanol. This study varying the pH of the initial solution of 4, 4.5 and 5, and the time variation SKFS 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 hours. Tests on samples made with Alkoholmeter. The results showed that the highest concentration of ethanol obtained in the SKFS to 40 g / L at initial pH 5 solution within 48 hours.Item PENGARUH TEMPERATUR LIKUIFIKASI KONVERSI PATI SORGUM MENJADI GULA dan WAKTU SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION and FERMENTATION (SSF) PRODUKSI BIOETANOL(2013-01-14) Masyithah, Mahfirani; Chairul; Muria Sri RezekiSorghum is one of the potential materials in the manufacture of bioethanol. Sorghum has advantages over sugarcane and maize, that is a shorter harvest time, needs little water and a source of ethanol can be obtained from the sap, starch and pulp. The purpose of this study to determine the effect of temperature liquefications of sugar produced and determine the best fermentation time. Part of sorghum is used as raw material for bio-ethanol is grain sorghum containing 73% carbohydrate by immersion NaOH to remove proteins in grain sorghum that can inhibit the action of enzymes. The process used is liquefications and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation by varying the temperature of liquefications, that is 75 °C, 85 °C and 95 °C and Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation time is 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Fermentation was carried out with the help of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Tests were conducted with alkoholmeter and sugar analysis using visible spectrophotometer results showed that the highest sugar yield is 4.685 g/l at a temperature of liquefications 95 °C and the highest ethanol concentration of 70 g/l at 72 hours with the temperature fermentation liquifikasi 95 °CItem PENGARUH TEMPERATUR LIQUIFIKASI TERHADAP PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI PATI SORGUM DENGAN PROSES SAKARIFIKASI DAN FERMENTASI SERENTAK DENGAN YEAST CANDIDA UTULIS(2012-10-30) Fitriana, Tiara; Chairul; Sembiring Maria PeratentaBioethanol is produced from plant raw materials containing sugar, starch and cellulose, through the fermentation process with the help of microorganisms. One of the raw materials that have the potential to be developed in Indonesia is sorghum seeds that contain 65% -71% starch, so it can be done liquification process using enzymes amylase and the simultaneous saccharification fermentation (SSF) using enzyme glucoamylase and yeast Candida utilis as agents fermentation to produce bioethanol. The purpose of this study to determine the effect of temperature liquification to sugar produced and determine the best fermentation time. This research is varying liquification temperatures, that is 750C, 850C and 950C and the fermentation time is 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours at pH 5. Bioethanol tests were conducted with alcoholmeter and sugar analysis using visible light spectrophotometer. The results showed that the highest concentration of sugar obtained at the liquification temperature of 850C, using the enzyme amylase reached 4.63 g/l, while the best fermentation time was 48 hours at liqufication temperature 850C with bioethanol concentration of 4% or 40 g/l.Item PENGARUH TEMPERATUR PADA PROSES LIKUIFIKASI TERHADAP PRODUKSI BIOETANOL MENGGUNAKAN PATI SORGUM SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU(2012-10-31) Indrayani, Nova; Chairul; Rezeki Sri MuriaThe use of fuel oil (BBM) from fossil fuels is not increasing in line with the decreasing oil production annually. Thus it takes new and renewable energy sources that can meet the energy needs such as bioethanol from sorghum starch. Sorghum starch content ranged from 56-73%, with an average of 69.5% and amounted to 73.8% carbohydrates. This study aims to convert sorghum starch into bioethanol through likuifikasi, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SFS) and determine the influence of temperature variations on levels of bioethanol likuifikasi. This study varying the temperature of 75oC likuifikasi; 85 oC, 95 oC and time-taking process SFS ie 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours at optimum pH 5 and enzymes mass of each 0.2 mL. Tests were conducted with alkoholmeter and sugar analysis using visible light spectrophotometer. The results showed that the highest sugar concentration obtained in the process of using the enzyme amylase likuifikasi reached 13.95 g / ml at a temperature of 850C, whereas the highest ethanol concentration of 50 g / L at 24 hours SFS and temperature 85oC.Item PENGARUH VARIASI pH PADA PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI PATI SORGUM DENGAN PROSES SAKARIFIKASI DAN FERMENTASI SERENTAK(2013-04-29) Yuni; Chairul; Peratenta MariaSorghum starch high potential as raw materials for bioethanol production. Sorghum starch consists of amylose 20-30% and amilopektin 70-80%. Bioethanol manufacturing done sakarifikasi and fermentation processes simultaneously (SSF) using enzyme StargenTM 002 and yeast Saccharomycess Cereviciae with varying degrees of acidity (pH) of 4, 4.5 and 5, and fermentation time 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Analysis sugar using a spectrophotometer and the remaining bioethanol analysis using Alkoholmeter. The results showed the highest bioethanol concentration at pH 4.5 and the best fermentation time at 48 hours at 5% v /v.Item Pengembangan Produksi Bioetanol Dari Reject Pulp Pabrik Pulp & Paper Dengan Proses Sakarifikasi & Ko Fermentasi Serentak(2015-07-27) Chairul; Amraini, Said Zul; Muria, Sri RejekiReject pulp merupakan limbah padat dari industri Pulp and Paper. Reject pulp adalah sisa potongan kayu yang tidak sempurna dimasak pada tangki digester pabrik pulp karena adanya mata kayu {knot) dan ukurannya tidak memenuhi standar pulp . Komposisi reject pulp terdiri dari selulosa, hemiselulosa, lignin, dan ekstraktif. Selulosa dan hemiselulosa reject pulp dapat dikonversi menjadi bioetanol. Teknik konversi reject pulp menjadi bioetanol dilakukan dengan metode Sakarifikasi dan ko-fermentasi serentak (SKFS). SKFS merupakan modifikasi dari sakarifikasi dan fermentasi serentak (SFS) dimana SKFS dihubungkan pada fermentasi gula pentosa (xilosa) dan gula heksosa (glukosa) menjadi bioetanol menggunakan dua atau lebih agen fermentasi sementara proses sakarifikasinya merupakan reaksi hidrolisis enzimatik. Pada penelitian ini reject pulp yang digunakan berasal dari PT.RAPP berlokasi di Pengkalan Kerinci Kabupaten Palalawan Propinsi Riau. Reject pulp dicuci dengan air kemudian dikeringkan dan dihaluskan menjadi ukuran 40-60 mesh selanjutnya ditentukan komposisinya Kemudian reject pulp dikonversi menjadi bioetanol melalui proses Sakarifikasi dan ko-fermentasi serentak (SKFS). Tahap hidrolisis menggunakan kombinasi enzim selulase, enzim xilanase, dan enzim selubiose. Tahap fermentasi menggunakan kombinasi khamir Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan Pichia stipitis. Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan Pichia stipitis segar dari stok pembiakan masing-masing diinokulasi dalam medium inokulasi (glukosa, 10 gl'^; yeast extract, 1 gl"'; KH2PO4, 0,1 gf'; MgS04.7H20, 0,1 gl"'; dan (NH4)2S04, 0,1 gl"'). Sebelum diinokulasi, medium disterilisasi uap dalam autoclave pada suhu 121°C selama 15 menit, kemudian didinginkan. Setelah dingin khamir dimasukan ke dalam medium lalu dishaker selama 24 jam. Kemudian konsentrasi sel khamir dalam satuan optical density (OD) dianalisis menggunakan Spektrofotometer dengan panjang gelombang 600 nm. Reject pulp sebanyak 0,5 gram kemudian dimasukan ke dalam erlenmeyer 100 ml, lalu ditambahkan nutrien medium, Na-sitrat buffer (0,1 M) (pH = 4; 4,5; 5; 5,5 dan 6) dan aquades hingga total volume media fermentasi 27,5 mL. Kemudian disterilisasi uap dengan menggunakan autoclave selama 15 menit. Setelah dingin kemudian ditambahkan enzim masing-masing 0,05 gram selulase, 0,05 gram xilanase dan inokulum khamir masing-masing 7,5 ml inokulum Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan 7,5 ml inokulum Pichia stipitis. Campuran media SKFS dishaker sesuai variabel waktu (6, 12, 24, 48, 72 dan 96 jam). Hasil proses SKSF kemudian dipisahkan dengan menggunakan sentifuge tube sehingga diperoleh cairan bersih. Cairan bersih yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisa dengan menggunakan Gas Kromatografi (Shimadzu GC- 14B, Kolom Poll (Shimadzu GC-14B, Kolom Poll Etilen Glikol Adipat (PEG-20).Item Pengembangan Produksi Bioetanol Dari Reject Pulp Pabrik Pulp & Paper Dengan Proses Sakarifikasi & Ko- Fermentasi Serentak(2012-10-30) Chairul; Amriani Zul, Said,; Rezeki Muria, SriReject pulp merupakan limbah padat dari industri pulp dan paper yang belum banyak dimanfaatkan menjadi produk bernilai tambah. Reject pulp memiliki 95,51% holoselulosa, sedangkan holoselulosa dapat dimanfaatkan untuk memproduksi bioetanol. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan konversi reject pulp menjadi bioetanol menggunakan proses Sakarifikasi dan Ko-Fermentasi Serentak (SKFS) menggunakan bioreaktor 5 L. Proses sakarifikasi menggunakan enzim selulase, selobiose dan xilanase serta proses fermentasi menggunakan dua jenis yeast yaitu Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan Pichia stipitis. Penambahkan yeast Pichia stipitis selama proses akan meningkatkan perolehan kuantitas etanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan waktu optimum SKFS dan membandingkan penggunaan enzim selulase, selobiose dan xilanase pada proses SKFS menggunakan yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan Pichia stipitis. Waktu SKFS yang digunakan yaitu 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 dan 96 jam serta penggunaan enzim selulase, selobiose dan xilanase pada kondisi optimum pH 5. Waktu tercepat proses SKFS yang didapat selama 48 jam dengan menggunakan 3 jenis enzim. Konsentrasi etanol tertinggi didapat pada proses SKFS menggunakan enzim selulase dengan konsentrasi mencapai 10,97 gr/L pada waktu SKFS 72 jam. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa semakin banyak penggunaan enzim maka waktu untuk mencapai konsentrasi etanol maksimum semakin cepat.Item Pengolahan Limbah Cair Asam Formiat Dengan Metode Oksidasi Basah Berkatalis CoSO4(2015-09-28) Alfiyan, Harry; Susanti, Desi; ChairulOksidasi basah atau wet oxidation merupakan salah satu metode pengolahan limbah secara kimia dengan menggunakan reaksi oksidasi fasa cair pada suhu dan tekanan yang relatif tinggi (125-320 °C dan 5-198 atm). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengolahan limbah asam formiat dengan metode oksidasi basah, pengaruh variabel proses, dan kinetika reaksi oksidasi basah asam formiat. Asam formiat yang diolah memiliki kadar COD dengan jumlah 6506,1000 mg/l. Untuk mempercepat terjadinya reaksi, maka digunakan CoSO4 sebagai katalis. Peralatan yang digunakan berupa reaktor otoklaf berpengaduk dirangkai dengan peralatan untuk mengalirkan oksigen, penangas minyak (oil-bath), serta kran pengeluaran sampel. Variabel yang dipelajari adalah suhu pada 125 °C, 135 °C dan 145oC, dan penggunaan katalis 0-10 %-berat. Kadar asam formiat yang tersisa selama pengolahan dinyatakan dalam parameter COD (mg/l). Penyisihan COD pada masa start-up berkisar antara 1,82-6,02 % dan selama proses pengolahan tingkat penyisihan COD sebesar 5,55-8,82 %. Konstanta kecepatan reaksi untuk oksidasi basah tanpa katalis pada suhu 125-145 oC mengikuti persamaan k’=(3,7714E-03) exp(-67315,7143/RT) dan untuk oksidasi basah berkatalis mengikuti persamaan k’ =(3,7866E-03) exp(-65600,0584/RT).Item Pengolahan Limbah Mengandung Asam Oksalat Dengan Metode Wet Oxidation Berkatalis CoSO4(2015-09-28) Chairul; Sulistyati, Is; Rahmi; Handayani, SriWet Oxidation (WO) merupakan salah satu metode pengolahan limbah secara kimia dengan menggunakan reaksi oksidasi fasa cair pada temperatur dan tekanan yang tinggi ((125 – 320 oC dan 5 – 20 bar). Penelitan ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari WO asam oksalat, pengaruh variabel proses dan kinetika reaksinya. Konsentrasi awal asam oksalat yang digunakan adalah setara dengan konsentrasi COD 1125 mg/L. Untuk mempercepat terjadinya reaksi digunakan CoSO4 sebagai katalis. Peralatan yang digunakan berupa otoklaf berpengaduk dirangkai dengan peralatan untuk mengalirkan oksigen, penangas minyak (oilbath) serta kran pengeluaran sampel dan purging. Operasi dilakukan secara semibatch. Variabel yang digunakan adalah temperatur 120, 130 dan 140 °C dan penggunaan katalis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penyisihan COD rata-rata pada masa start-up adalah 16% sedangkan saat proses WO ± 4%.Item PRODUKSI BIOETANOL DARI PATI SORGUM DENGAN PROSES SAKARIFIKASI DAN FERMENTASI SERENTAK DENGAN VARIASI TEMPERATUR LIQUIFIKASI(2012-10-24) Meldha, Zuqni; Chairul; Amraini Said ZulOne of the materials that have potential as raw material for bioethanol is sorghum. Sorghum has advantages over sugarcane and maize, that is a shorter harvest time , needs little water and a source of ethanol can be obtained from the sap, starch and pulp. This study used the seeds of sorghum as raw material for bioethanol by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process by varying the temperature liquifications, that is 75°C, 85°C, 95°C, and 105°C and the sampling time is 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. This study aims to determine the best liquification temperature of sorghum starch conversion into bioethanol and determine the best fermentation time on levels of bioethanol produced. Tests were conducted with alcoholmeter. The results shows that the best sugar liquification results is in the amount of 14.001 g/l at temperature of 95°C and the best ethanol concentration is 40 g/l at 48 hours of fermentation time with liquification temperature is 95°C.