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Browsing by Author "Ishak"

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ANALISIS SISTEM PENGISIAN JABATAN STRUKTURAL PADA PEMERINTAH DAERAH PROVINSI RIAU TAHUN 2012-2013
(2014-05-20) Ishak; Tinov, M.Y. Tiyas; Hasanuddin; Wicaksono, Baskoro
Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan penataan jabatan struktural di lingkungan pemerintahan Provinsi Riau. Penataan tersebut diklasifikasikan menjadi dua, yakni prosedural dan substansial. Penelitian ini dilakukan di lingkungan Pemerintah Provinsi Riau dengan mengajukan pertanyaan penelitian (1) Bagaimanakah bentuk sistem pengisian jabatan struktural di Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Riau?, (2) Bagaimanakah dampak sistem tersebut terhadap kondisi birokrasi di Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Riau? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, yaitu menghasilkan data berupa kata-kata dari tulisan atau perilaku orang yang diamati. Tehnik pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan dua cara, yaitu indepth interview dan telaah dokumen sekunder. Indepth interview dilakukan pada Sekretaris daerah, anggota BAPERJAKAT dan pejabat-pejabat yang mengalami mutasi, promosi dan demosi. Sedangkan dokumen sekunder berupa data-data pemindahan jabatan struktural. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses penataan jabatan struktural di lingkungan pemerintah daerah Provinsi Riau, dilakukan dengan cara sistem merit secara normatif, namun realitanya lebih mengemuka penerapan spoil system yang mengarah pada kedekatan personal, politis dan primordial ( sistem patronase dan nepotisme). Implikasi terhadap kondisi birokrasi adalah terjadi kecemburuan, saling sikut antar pejabat, saling ”menjlat” atau cari muka kepada Gubernur dan Wakil Gubernur serta pihak-pihak lain yang berkuasa. Kecenderungannya adalah mendekat kepada elite-elite penentu, seperti tokoh adat melayu, elite partai politik dan bangsawan melayu. Hal inilah yang menyebabkan kondisi birokrasi di lingkungan Pemerintah Provinsi Riau seperti riak-riak air meskipun dari luar terlihat tenang
Binderless Composite Electrode Monolith from Carbon Nanotube and Biomass Carbon Activated by H2SO4 and CO2 Gas for Supercapacitor
(2015-09-07) Deraman, Mohamad; Ishak; Farma, Rakhmawati; Awitdrus; Taer, Erman; Talib; Omar, Ramli
Binderless composite electrodes in the monolithic form prepared from carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and self‐adhesive carbon grains (SACG) from fibers of oil palm empty fruit bunch were studied as an electrode in a supercapacitor. The green monoliths (GMs) were prepared from three different types of precursors, SACG, SACG treated with 0.4 Molar H2SO4 and mixture of SACG and 5% CNTs (by weight) treated with 0.4 Molar H2SO4, respectively. These GMs were carbonized at 600 °C in N2 gas environment and activated by CO2 gas at 800 °C for 1 hour to produce activated carbon monoliths (ACMs). The properties of the ACMs (density, porosity, microstructure, structure and electrical conductivity) were found affected by CNTs addition and acid treatment. The acid treatment did not improve the electrochemical behavior of the ACMs used as electrodes (specific capacitance, specific energy and specific power of the supercapacitor) in the supercapacitor cells but CNTs addition improves the equivalent series resistance of the cell.
Binderless Composite Electrode Monolith from Carbon Nanotube and Biomass Carbon Activated by KOH and CO2 Gas for Supercapacitor
(2015-09-07) Farma, Rakhmawati; Deraman, Mohamad; Omar, Ramli; Awitdrus; Ishak; Taer, Erman; Talib
This paper presents a method to improve the performance of supercapacitors fabricated using binderless composite electrode monolith (BCMs) from self‐adhesive carbon grains (SACG) of fibers from oil palm empty fruit bunches. The BCMs were prepared from green monoliths (GMs) contain SACG, SACG treated with KOH (5 % by weight) and SACG mixed with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (5% by weight) and KOH (5 % by weight), respectively. These GMs were carbonized at 800 °C under N2 environment and activated by CO2 gas at 800 °C for 1 hour. It was found that addition of KOH and CNTs produced BCMs with higher specific capacitance and smaller internal resistance, respectively. It was also found that supercapacitor cells using these BCMs as electrodes exhibited a better specific energy and specific power. The physical properties of BCMs (density, electrical conductivity, porosity, interlayer spacing, crystallite dimension and microstructure) were affected by the addition of KOH and CNTs.
Deliberasi Partai Politik dalam Kebijakan Anggaran Pemerintahan Provinsi Riau Tahun Anggaran 2013
(2015-04-11) Ishak; Hasanuddin; Wicaksono, Baskoro
Molornya pengesahan APBD Provinsi Riau menarik ditelusuri. Peristiwa ini mengindikasikan kuatnya tarik menarik kepentingan antara para pihak, khususnya partai politik yang termanifestasikan di dalam DPRD dengan pihak eksekutif. Kerasnya tarik menarik kepentingan sangat merugikan masyarakat karena APBD merupakan kebijakan pemerintahan daerah guna memberikan layanan publik yang prima dan juga untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Bagaimana bentuk deliberasi yang dilakukan partai politik dalam kebijakan anggaran pemerintahan Provinsi Riau tahun anggaran 2013 perlu ditelusuri lebih jauh. Penelitian deskriptif dengan mewawancarai secara mendalam beberapa pihak dan menganalisi secara kualitatif ini menemukan bahwa partai politik sebagai satu entitas institusi tidak tampak terlibat secara kuat dalam memberikan pertimbangan-pertimbangan mendalam dalam penyusunan anggaran daerah Riau 2013. Peran deliberatif lebih banyak dilakukan oleh kader partai yang duduk dalam fraksi di DPRD. Anggaran daerah oleh anggota fraksi DPRD dilihat sebagai ruang untuk menjaga stabilitas hubungan dengan konstituen sekaligus diharapkan sebagai upaya membesarkan partai.
Effect of carbonization temperature on the physical and electrochemical properties of supercapacitor electrode from fibers of oil palm empty fruit bunches
(2015-09-07) Ishak; Deraman, Mohamad; Talib; Basri, Nur Hamizah; Awitdrus; Farma, Rakhmawati; Taer, Erman; Omar, Ramli; Dollah, Besek Nurdiana Mohd
Self-adhesive carbon grains (SACG) was prepared from fibers of oil palm empty fruit bunches. The SACG green monoliths were carbonized in N2 environment at 400, 500, 600 and 700°C to produce carbon monoliths labeled as CM1, CM2, CM3 and CM4 respectively. The CMs were activated in CO2 surrounding at 800°C for 1 hour to produce activated carbon monolith electrodes (ACM1, ACM2, ACM3 and ACM4). The physical properties of the CMs and ACMs were investigated using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm techniques. ACMs were used as electrode to fabricate symmetry supercapacitor cells and the cells’ performances were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) standard techniques. In this paper we report the physical and electrochemical properties of the ACM electrodes by analyzing the influence of the carbonization temperature on these properties
Effect of Compression Pressure on the Physical and Electrochemical Properties of Activated Carbon Monoliths Electrodes for Supercapacitor Application
(2015-08-18) Awitdrus; Deraman; Talib; Farma, Rakhmawati; Omar; Ishak; Basri; Dolah
Green Monoliths (GMs) of self-adhesive carbon grain from fibers of oil palm empty fruit bunches were prepared by compression pressure at 1.43 × 107, 1.91 × 107 and 2.39 × 107 kg/m2, respectively. Activated carbon monoliths ACM-A, ACM-B and ACM-C prepared by CO2 activation from these GMs, respectively, were used as electrodes in supercapacitor cells which employed stainless steel 316L current collector and H2SO4 electrolyte. Evaluation of the electrochemical properties showed that ACM-A, ACM-B and ACM-C cells had specific capacitance of 30, 9 and 5 F/g, total ESR of 3.21, 4.95 and 7.33 Ω, specific power (maximum) of 173.41, 107.58 and 33.82 W/kg, and specific energy (maximum) of 0.67, 0.15 and 0.09 Wh/kg. These properties are directly associated with the surface area of the ACMs, i.e. 419, 336 and 302 m2/g for the ACM-A, ACM-B and ACM-C, respectively, indicating a direct effect of compression pressure on the physical and electrochemical properties of ACMs electrodes.
Effect of electrolyte concentration on performance of supercapacitor carbon electrode from fibers of oil palm empty fruit bunches
(2015-09-07) Farma, Rakhmawati; Deraman, Mohamad; Talib; Awitdrus; Omar, Ramli; Ishak; Taer, Erman; Basri, Nur Hamizah; Dollah, Besek Nurdiana Mohd
Fibers of oil palm empty fruit bunches were used to produce self-adhesive carbon grains (SACG). The SACG green monoliths were carbonized in N2 environment at 800°C to produce carbon monoliths (CM) and the CM was CO2 activated at 800°C for 4 hour to produce activated carbon monolith electrodes (ACM). The physical properties of the CMs and ACMs were investigated using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption-desorption. ACMs were used as electrode to fabricate symmetry supercapacitor cells and the cells which used H2SO4 electrolyte at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 M were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge standard techniques. In this paper we report the physical properties of the ACM electrodes and the effect of electrolyte concentration on the electrochemical properties the ACM electrodes
Effects of Activation Time on the Performance of Supercapacitor Binderless Activated Carbon Electrodes Derived from Fibers of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches
(2015-09-07) Ishak; Deraman, Mohamad; Dollah, Besek Nurdiana Mohd; Othman; Omar, Ramli; Basri, Nur Hamizah; Nor, Najah Syahirah Mohd; Taer, Erman; Awitdrus; Farma, Rakhmawati; Aziz
Green monoliths (GMs) with different composition, labelled as GM1, GM2 and GM3, were prepared from self-adhesive carbon grains (SACG) produced from fibers of oil palm empty fruit bunches, SACG treated with 0.4 M H2SO4 and mixtures of SACG and carbon nanotubes (5 wt.%) treated with 0.4 M H2SO4, respectively. Each GMs was carbonized and then activated with holding time of 1 h and 2 h, respectively, to produce their respective activated carbon monoliths (ACMs). These ACMs were used as electrodes to fabricate supercapacitor cells using H2SO4 electrolytes, Teflon separator and stainless steel 316L current collector. The porosity of the ACMs, examined by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm method were found affected after prolonging the activation time. From the electrochemical characterization of the ACMs electrodes using galvanic charge-discharge methods, it was found that supercapacitor cells fabricated using the ACMs produced by longer activation time (2 h) showed better performance, which had higher specific capacitance (113 F/g), specific power (159 W/kg) and specific energy (3.35 W h/kg), compared to the cells using ACMs produced by shorter activation time (1 h).
Electrical Conductivity Of Carbon Pellets Prepared From Mixtures Of Pyropolymers From Oil Palm Bunches and Petroleum Green Coke
(2015-09-07) Deraman, Mohamad; Awitdrus; Talib; Omar, Ramli; Jumali; Ishak; Saad; Taer, Erman; Saman; Farma, Rakhmawati; Yunus
reen pellets (GPs), prepared at different compression pressures (cs = 6, 7.5 and 12 metric tonne) from mixtures containing self‐adhesive carbon grains (sacg) from the oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) and different percentages (pr = 0 to 90%) of a non self‐adhesive powder of petroleum green coke (ppgc), were carbonized (800° C) and activated with CO2 to produce carbon pellets (CPs). The measured electrical conductivity (σ) of the CP for all cs showed a curve having a minimum value at pr around 50%, indicating that the conducting phase displays a nonlinear σ‐ pr relationship. A significant increase in the σ due to CO2 activation was observed. For a sufficienctly high cs, an existence of a pr range in which the σ varies linearly with the density was also observed. These results provide some new information for modifying the electrical conductivity of carbon derived from the sacg from EFB or other types of biomass.
Impedance spectroscopic analysis of composite electrode from activated carbon/conductive materials/ruthenium oxide for supercapacitor applications
(2015-09-07) Taer, Erman; Deraman, Mohamad; Talib; Awitdrus; Farma, Rakhmawati; Ishak; Omar, Ramli; Dollah, Besek Nurdiana Mohd; Basri, Nur Hamizah; Othman; Kanwal
Activated carbon powders (ACP) were produced from the KOH treated pre-carbonized rubber wood sawdust. Different conductive materials (graphite, carbon black and carbon nanotubes (CNTs)) were added with a binder (polivinylidene fluoride (PVDF)) into ACP to improve the supercapacitive performance of the activated carbon (AC) electrodes. Symmetric supercapacitor cells, fabricated using these AC electrodes and 1 molar H2SO4 electrolyte, were analyzed using a standard electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique. The addition of graphite, carbon black and CNTs was found effective in reducing the cell resistance from 165 to 68, 23 and 49 Ohm respectively, and increasing the specific capacitance of the AC electrodes from 3 to 7, 17, 32 F g-1 respectively. Since the addition of CNTs can produce the highest specific capacitance, CNTs were chosen as a conductive material to produce AC composite electrodes that were added with 2.5 %, 5 % and 10 % (by weight) electro-active material namely ruthenium oxide; PVDF binder and CNTs contents were kept at 5 % by weight in each AC composite produced. The highest specific capacitance of the cells obtained in this study was 86 F g-1, i.e. for the cell with the resistance of 15 Ohm and composite electrode consists of 5 % ruthenium oxide.
Konfigurasi Aktor Politik Lokal : Studi Politik Keuangan Daerah Di Kota Pekanbaru Tahun 2011-2014
(2016-01-07) Ishak; Wicaksono, Baskoro
Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan keterlibatan pelbagai aktor, baik formal dan informal dalam proses perencanaan pembangunan, dalam hal ini Rencana Kerja Pembangunan Daerah yang disingkat menjadi RKPD. Proses penyusunan RKPD secara normatif hanya melibatkan aktor-aktor formal, namun secara eksisting ada aktor informal dengan pelbagai kepentingan yang sangat berpengaruh dalam proses penyusunan anggaran di Kabupaten Situbondo. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Pekanbaru dengan mengajukan pertanyaan penelitian Bagaimana pola interaksi stakeholders dalam membentuk konfigurasi aktor politik lokal dalam proses penganggaran di Kota Pekanbaru?. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, yaitu menghasilkan data berupa kata-kata dari tulisan atau perilaku orang yang diamati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses penyusunan anggaran secara normatif dengan eksisting berbeda. Bila secara normatif yang terlibat dalam proses penyusunan anggaran adalah aktor formal melalui mekanisme formal. Namun secara eksisting muncul aktor-aktor informal yang mewarnai dan mempengaruhi proses penyusunan anggaran di Kota Pekanbaru. Di dalam proses penyusunan anggaran yang mengemuka adalah kepentingan aktor, baik formal maupun informal. Kepentingan ini berupa kepentingan pribadi (proyek) dan partai politik (konstituen, pencitraan politik dan legitimasi kekuasaan). Kepentingan ini masuk melalui mekanisme formal dan juga dikomunikasikan diluar-luar forum formal. Pola interaksi stakeholders dimulai dengan adanya polarisasi kekuatan politik lokal dalam proses penyusunan anggaran. Kekuatan politik lokal yang dominan dalam proses ini terdiri dari birokrasi, elite parpol (pengurus dan pemilik parpol) dan rekanan. Ketiga kekuatan ini satu dengan lainnya saling mendominasi. Selain itu lebih spesifik kekuatan tersebut dijabarkan menjadi politisi parpol, politisi birokrasi, politisi organisasi masyarakat dan politisi partai politik. Polarisasi ini pada akhirnya bermuara pada satu konfigurasi kekuatan politik lokal dalam proses penyusunan anggaran. Mereka menjadi satu konfigurasi karena saling berinteraksi dan mengakomodir kepentingan dari setiap kekuatan politik lokal sehingga tidak membentuk konfigurasi baru
KONFLIK HORIZONTAL DAN RELASI SOSIAL MASYARAKAT PEDESAAN DI KECAMATAN KELAYANG KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HULU
(2014-05-20) Tinov, M. Y. Tiyas; Ishak; Handoko, Tito
Studi ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan sebuah Model Penyelesaian Sengketa Lahan dan atau Model Kebijakan yang berhubungan langsung dengan sengketa tanah atau lahan yang mengintegrasikan kepentingan rakyat (masyarakat lokal dan tempatan) dengan pemerintah. Kegunaan tersebut bertitik tolak dari konflik horizontal kepemilikan sumberdaya lahan antara masyarakat lokal dengan masyarakat tempatan (masyarakat transmigran) yang didatangkan dari berbagai daerah di Pulau Jawa sejak tahun 1986 khususnya di Desa Transmigrasi Sungai Golang Kecamatan Kelayang Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu. Konflik kepemilikan sumberdaya lahan sebagai akibat dilanggarnya batas-batas wilayah dan dilanggarnya hak-hak masyarakat lokal (tanah ulayat) pada masa pemerintahan Orde Baru. Konstruksi model penyelesaian konflik lahan atau pertanahan yang akan di formulasikan adalah model yang dapat memberikan kontribusi nyata kepada masyarakat lokal dan masyarakat tempatan serta mencegah pelebaran konflik ke daerah-daerah sekitar maupun daerah transmigrasi lainnya.
Physical and electrochemical properties of supercapacitor composite electrodes prepared from biomass carbon and carbon from green petroleum coke
(2015-09-09) Awitdrus; Deraman, Mohamad; Talib; Farma, Rakhmawati; Omar, Ramli; Ishak; Taer, Erman; Dollah, Besek Nurdiana Mohd; Basri, Nur Hamizah; Nor, Najah Syahirah Mohd
The green monoliths (GMs) were prepared from the mixtures of pre-carbonized fibers of oil palm empty fruit bunches (or self-adhesive carbon grains (SACG)) and green petroleum coke (GPC) with the mixing ratio of 0, 10, 30, 50 and 70 % GPC, respectively. The GMs were carbonized in N2 environment at 800oC to produce carbon monoliths (CM00, CM10, CM30, CM50 and CM70). The CMs were CO2 activated at 800oC for 1 hour to produced activated carbon monolith electrodes (ACM00, ACM10, ACM30, ACM50 and ACM70). For each percentage of GPC, three duplicate symmetrical supercapacitor cells were fabricated using these activated carbon monolith electrodes respectively, and the capacitive performance amongst the cells was compared and analyzed in order to observe the relationship between the capacitive performance and the physical properties (microstructure and porosity) of the ACMs electrodes containing varying percentage of GPC.
Preparation of highly porous binderless activated carbon electrodes from fibres of oil palm empty fruit bunches for application in supercapacitors
(2015-09-07) Farma, Rakhmawati; Deraman, Mohamad; Awitdrus; Taer, Erman; Talib; Basri, Nur Hamizah; Manjunatha; Ishak; Dollah, Besek Nurdiana Mohd; Hashmi
Fibres from oil palm empty fruit bunches, generated in large quantities by palm oil mills, were processed into self-adhesive carbon grains (SACG). Untreated and KOH-treated SACG were converted without binder into green monolith prior to N2-carbonisation and CO2-activation to produce highly porous binderless carbon monolith electrodes for supercapacitor applications. Characterisation of the pore structure of the electrodes revealed a significant advantage from combining the chemical and physical activation processes. The electrochemical measurements of the supercapacitor cells fabricated using these electrodes, using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic charge–discharge techniques consistently found that approximately 3 h of activation time, achieved via a multi-step heating profile, produced electrodes with a high surface area of 1704 m2 g 1 and a total pore volume of 0.889 cm3 g 1, corresponding to high values for the specific capacitance, specific energy and specific power of 150 F g 1, 4.297 Wh kg 1 and 173Wkg 1, respectively
Self-Adhesive Carbon Grains Derived From Fibers Of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches For Binderless Carbon/Carbon Nanotubes Composite Electrodes For Supercapacitor Application
(2015-09-09) Ishak; Deraman, Mohamad; Farma, Rakhmawati; Awitdrus; Taer, Erman; Talib
Amongst the current trend in the study of carbon composite electrodes is the addition of carbon nano particles, without binding materials, into conventional carbon to produce electrode in order to benefit from both the unique property of the nano particles and the absent of the binder which can improve the specific capacitance of the electrodes. In our study, we produce the binderless carbon/carbon nanotubes composite electrodes for supercapacitor application from the green pellets consist of self-adhesive carbon grain from fibers of oil palm empty fruit bunch and 0, 6 and 8% carbon nanotubes (CNTs), respectively. This paper reports the electrodes properties, i.e., microstructure, electrical conductivity, porosity and electrochemical, based on the characterization using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, four-point-probe, nitrogen adsorptiondesorption isotherm, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry techniques. The results show that supercapacitor cell using the electrodes with 6% CNTs has a better supercapacitive behavior.
Supercapacitor Electrodes from Activated Carbon Monoliths and Carbon Nanotubes
(2015-09-07) Dollah, Besek Nurdiana Mohd; Othman; Deraman, Mohamad; Basri, Nur Hamizah; Farma, Rakhmawati; Talib; Ishak
Binderless monoliths of supercapacitor electrodes were prepared by the carbonization (N2) and activation (CO2) of green monoliths (GMs). GMs were made from mixtures of self-adhesive carbon grains (SACG) of fibers from oil palm empty fruit bunches and a combination of 5 & 6% KOH and 0, 5 & 6% carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by weight. The electrodes from GMs containing CNTs were found to have lower specific BET surface area (SBET). The electrochemical behavior of the supercapacitor fabricated using the prepared electrodes were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD). In general an addition of CNTs into the GMs reduces the equivalent series resistance (ESR) value of the cells. A cell fabricated using electrodes from GM with 5% CNT and 5% KOH was found to have the largest reduction of ESR value than that from the others GMs containing CNT. The cell has steeper Warburg’s slope than that from its respective non-CNT GM, which reflect the smaller resistance for electrolyte ions to move into pores of electrodes despite these electrodes having largest reduction in specific BET surface area. The cell also has the smallest reduction of specific capacitance (Csp) and maintains the specific power range despite a reduction in the specific energy range due to the CNT addition.

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