DSpace Repository :: Browsing by Author "Muhdarina"

Browsing by Author "Muhdarina"

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ABU CANGKANG BUAH KETAPANG (Terminalia catappa) SEBAGAI ADSORBEN ZAT WARNA METILEN BIRU
(2017-01-09) Siahaan, Agnes Rezky; Muhdarina; Nurhayati
Ketapang (Terminallia catappa) fruit shell belong to an organic waste which is a source of carbon compounds derived from cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. This study utilized ketapang fruit shell waste in the environment Riau University campus to be converted into ashes. Ash was obtained by calcined at a temperature of 700 °C (CBK-700) and 800 °C (CBK-800) for 1 hour. Furthermore, ash was used as an biosorbent of methylene blue in following parameters variation; contact time (15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes), dosage of adsorbent (0,5; 1; 2 and 3 g) and initial concentration of adsorbate (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 50 ppm). Result of the research showed that adsorption of methylene blue by ketapang fruit shell occured in optimum condition of contact time 15 minutes, dosage of adsorbent 0,5 g and initial concentration of adsorbat 50 ppm. Ketapang fruit shell ash was given the adsorption capacity value against methylene blue were 5,1030 mg g-1 for CBK-700 and 5,0280 mg g-1 for CBK-800. Difference of calcination temperature wasn’t give a large difference against asdorption capacity of methylene blue.
Adsorpsi Pb (II) oleh Lempung Alam Desa Talanai (Das Kampar)modifikasi NaOH
(2013-03-21) Linggawati, Amilia; Muhdarina; Nurhayati; Amri, T. Arifiil; Yulis, Andri; Herlinda
Modifikasi lempung merupakan salah satu upaya memperbaiki karakter lempung alam. Penggunaan NaOH untuk memodifikasi lempung telah meningkatkan kapasitas tukar kation (KTK) lempung. Berdasarkan peningkatan KTK diprediksi bahwa lempung hasil modifikasi dengan NaOH dapat menjerap kation. Aplikasi lempung termodifikasi NaOH ini digunakan untuk menjerap kation Pb(II). Daya jerap lempung terhadap Pb(II) dipelajari dari pengaruh waktu kontak, konsentrasi adsorbat, temperatur dan pH pada proses penjerapan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penjerapan Pb^^ oleh lempung terrmodifikasi NaOH lebih tinggi daripada lempung alam dengan peningkatan sekitar 0,1-0,25 mg/g lempung. Penjerapan tertinggi Pb^^ oleh lempung modifikasi(97,7%) terjadi pada waktu kontak 60 menit, konsentrasi adsorbat 20 ppm, suhu 30°C dan pH 6.
Aplikasi Koagulan Cair Al-Fe Berbasis Lempung Alam Pada Pengolahan Air Gambut: Efek Temperatur Kalsinasi Dan Pelindian
(2015-09-15) Muhdarina; Linggawati, Amilia; Amri, Ariful; Syahroni, Reza; Sutrisno, Hevi
Koagulan cair Al-Fe berbasis lempung alam telah disintesis melalui 2 tahap proses, kalsinasi dan pelindian. Kalsinasi lempung alam selama 3 jam pada temperatur 500 dan 700C, diikuti dengan tahap pelindian di dalam media 0,2 mol asam sulfat selama 2 jam pada temperatur 30, 60 dan 100C. Proses koagulasi dilakukan terhadap air gambut dengan mengamati parameter pH, warna, kekeruhan, total padatan tersuspensi (TSS) dan total padatan terlarut (TDS) air gambut. Hasil koagulasi menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan temperatur kalsinasi dan temperatur pelindian lempung alam menyebabkan perbaikan parameter air gambut setelah proses koagulasi. Kalsinasi pada temperatur 700C dan pelindian pada 100C menghasilkan air gambut dengan pH 8,05; warna 206 TCU, kekeruhan 4 NTU, TSS 7 mg/L dan TDS 287 mg/L dibandingkan dengan kondisi awal air gambut dengan pH 5,19; warna 478 TCU, kekeruhan 26 NTU, TSS 219 mg/L dan TDS 2013 mg/L. Kecuali parameter warna, nilai parameter pH, kekeruhan, TSS dan TDS air gambut hasil koagulasi telah memenuhi PERMENKES No.492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010 tentang persyaratan air minum.
APLIKASI KOAGULAN POLYALUMINUM CHLORIDE DARI LIMBAH KEMASAN SUSU DALAM MENURUNKAN KEKERUHAN DAN WARNA AIR GAMBUT
(2016-05-02) Kurniawan, Arif; Muhdarina; Linggawati, Amilia
Aluminum foil of milk packaging waste has a high aluminum content, so it can be used in the synthesis of coagulants Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC). The content of aluminum in the waste was extracted using HCl 15% for 150 minutes at room temperature to produce monomer AlCl3. AlCl3 monomer formed was polymerized by the addition of Na2CO3 25% and waiting for 24 hours in order to obtain a liquid coagulant Polyaluminum Chloride. PAC coagulant was characterized by pH and aluminum content, then it was compared to PAC SNI 06-3822-1995. Synthetic PAC coagulant was used in peat water treatment processes in order to decrease parameters turbidity and color intensity, then it was compared to PERMENKES No.492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010 about "Drinking Water Quality Requirements". PAC coagulant showed that pH 2.3 and Al2O3 content 1.07%. Synthetic PAC coagulant successfully reduced turbidity and color intensity of peat water after coagulation by 97.98% and 98.54%, respectively. Based on these parameters, only parameter turbidity have qualified PERMENKES No.492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010.
ARANG CANGKANG KETAPANG (Terminalia catappa) SEBAGAI ADSORBEN UNTUK MENGADSORPSI KATION Fe(III) DI DALAM LARUTAN
(2017-01-06) Adinda, Nurul; Muhdarina; Linggawati, Amilia
Leaves and fruits of ketapang tree (Terminalia catappa) produce biomass waste in Riau University campus every day. On the other hand, biomass waste is carbon sources which could potentially be converted into charcoal. In this research, the waste of shell fruit of ketapang was carbonized at 500 oC for 15 minutes to produce ketapang shell charcoal (ACK). The adsorption ability of ACK has been studied using cation of Fe(III) with various of contact times (15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes), adsorbent dosages (0.5; 1; 2 and 3 g), and adsorbate concentrations (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 ppm). The amount of Fe(III) adsorbed by the adsorbent was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and determined appropriate equilibrium model. The results showed that the optimum adsorption conditions of Fe(III) cation by ACK were at 15 minutes of contact time, 0.5 g of adsorbent dosage, and 30 ppm of adsorbate concentration with adsorption capacity of 2.2073 mg g-1.
BIOARANG LIMBAH DAUN KETAPANG (Terminalia catappa L.) SEBAGAI ADSORBEN UNTUK PENJERAPAN KATION Pb(II) DALAM AIR: KINETIKA ADSORPSI
(2016-05-02) Herawati, Riri Elija; Muhdarina; Linggawati, Amilia
The adsorption ability of biocharcoal of Terminalia catappa leaves waste (BLDK-30; BLDK-60 and BLDK-120) has been studied using cation of Pb(II) in aqueous solution. The adsorption experiments were observed at each contact time i.e 5, 15, 30, 35, 40 and 45 minutes. All of the experiments were done at a temperature of 30°C and initial concentration of 10 ppm at pH 3. The amount of P (II) adsorbed by the adsorbents was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). All data were then applied into kinetic models of the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order to determine the adsorption behavior. The result showed that the amount of Pb(II) adsorbed by adsorbents BLDK-30, BLDK-60 dan BLDK-120 at 30 minutes contact time were 0.9965; 0.9919 and 0.9892 mg g-1, respectively. All of the biocharcoal of Terminalia catappa leaves waste which adsorbed Pb(II) cations according to pseudo second-order kinetics with k values (g mg-1 min-1) of each adsorbent were 10.246, 43.668 and 16.778, Respectively. Fulfillment of the pseudo second-order models has indicated that the process occurred was chemical adsorption.
A Characteristic of CO and CO2 gases production during a combustion process of In Situ Combustion (ISC) Method on Upgrading of Crude Oil
(2016-04-22) Bahri, Syaiful; Muhdarina; R Hughes
This work is aimed to study a characteristic of gas production during thermal and catalytic processing on combustion of heavy oil. Oil/sand sample was subjected to a linear heating program 5oC/min from room temperature to a set point temperature 400oC under continuous flowing of air 250 ml/min on a low pressure 3 bar. Combustion gases produced were allowed to flow to a condenser and further were flowed through a drierite bed prior to measure by a GC continuously. Combustion gases produced and oxygen consumption profiles were confirmed that the combustion process has been successfully conducted during experiments. A lighter oil of 23.3oAPI was produced from the catalytic run compared with oil of 19.3oAPI resulted from the non-catalytic run.
Characterization of modified Cengar natural clay
(2014-11-09) Muhdarina; A.Wahab, Mohammad; Syaiful, Bahri
Natural clay from Desa Cengar in Riau Province has been taken as an experimental focus. The natural clay which consist of kaolinite, muscovite and quartz were modified in chloride acid, acetic acid, and salts of ammonium chloride and ammonium acetic, exactly in 1 molar aqueous solution by mixing it there, respectively. The modified clay, then, were characterized the physicochemical is change of mineral identities, chemical composition, Si/Al ratio, exchangeable cation capacity and specific surface area. The modifying processes don’t change their mineral content and Si/Al ratio, but some of Ca and Mg cations have been exposure from surfaces of natural clay, while the change of specific surface area of the modified clay have been varied. Ammonium chloride salt modifier with the highest decationization action and the other one, ammonium acetic salt have increased the specific surface area of natural clay. Keywords: Cengar natural clay, physicochemical, modifying process, decationization
Characterization of modified Cengar natural clay
(2016-02-25) Muhdarina; Mohammad, A.Wahab; Bahri, Syaiful
Natural clay from Desa Cengar in Riau Province has been taken as an experimental focus. The natural clay which consist of kaolinite, muscovite and quartz were modified in chloride acid, acetic acid, and salts of ammonium chloride and ammonium acetic, exactly in 1 molar aqueous solution by mixing it there, respectively. The modified clay, then, were characterized the physicochemical is change of mineral identities, chemical composition, Si/Al ratio, exchangeable cation capacity and specific surface area. The modifying processes don’t change their mineral content and Si/Al ratio, but some of Ca and Mg cations have been exposure from surfaces of natural clay, while the change of specific surface area of the modified clay have been varied. Ammonium chloride salt modifier with the highest decationization action and the other one, ammonium acetic salt have increased the specific surface area of natural clay.
EFEK VOLUME KOAGULAN CAIR DARI LEMPUNG ALAM DALAM PENGOLAHAN AIR GAMBUT
(2017-01-06) Nurwenda; Muhdarina; Amri, T. Ariful
Cengar clay has been studied as a source of coagulant but did not provide satisfactory results. In this research the effectivity of liquid coagulant was studied by differences volume of liquid coagulant that given to amount of peat water. Liquid coagulant was made by calcination at 700°C for 2 hours and extracted with 0.2 mol H2SO4 solution at 80°C for 2 hours. The liquid coagulant was characterized using AAS. Coagulation of peat water was done using variation of coagulant volume (35,70 and 105 mL) by measuring parameters of color and turbidity. The results of peat water parameters after treatment were compared to PP No.82 of 2001 on Water Quality and Water Pollution Control and PERMENKES 416/ Health Minister/PER/IV/1990 about Drinking Water Quality. Characterization of liquid coagulant showed that the contents of Al(III) was 223.72 mg L-1 and Fe(III) was 10.38 mg L-1. The result of coagulation showed that K 35:700 gave higher removal percentage than the other with removal efficiency of color and turbidity were 88.9 % and 72.4 % respectively . The turbidity result was in accordance with the quality standards of clean water.
EFEK WAKTU IRRADIASI MICROWAVE PADA SINTESIS KARBON AKTIF PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT
(Elfitra, 2023-12) Aulia, Anggi Dyang; Muhdarina
The oil palm fronds contribute the highest biomass compared to other parts of the oil palm. The biomass of oil palm fronds were transformed into activated carbon through a carbonization process (at a temperature of 600°C for 60 minutes), resulting as charcoal, namely APS. Subsequently, the APS was chemically activated with KOH (APS : KOH ratio of 1:1 [w/w]) and physically activated under microwave irradiation (at times of 1, 3, and 5 minutes) at a power of 300 W, yielding activated carbons denoted as A1D300, A3D300, and A5D300. The moisture and ash content, as well as the iodine adsorption capacity of both oil palm charcoal and activated carbon were determined in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) No. 06-3730-1995. Similarly, their respective yields were also assessed. The research results were found that yields, moisture content, and iodine adsorption capacity decrease with increasing irradiation time, whereas ash content tends to increase. The yield for each activated carbon was significantly greater than that of APS charcoal. In contrast to APS charcoal, all activated carbons meet the moisture, ash, and iodine adsorption capacity standards specified in the referenced SNI. Among them, A1D300 stands out as the most effective activated carbon from oil palm fronds, exhibiting a yield of 85%, ash and moisture content of 0.9% and 7.6% respectively, and an iodine adsorption capacity of 809.2 mg g -1 .
EFEKTIFITAS LEMPUNG CENGAR SEBAGAI KOAGULAN CAIR DALAM PENJERNIHAN AIR GAMBUT
(2013-05-20) Hamid, A.; Muhdarina; Amri, T. A.
Cengar clay has been used as a basic material for getting a liquid coagulant. Based on the content of Al and Fe which were given, three types of liquid coagulants were selected to use in coagulation process for decreasing the turbidity and total dissolved solid of peat water. The three types of liquid coagulants selected were the coagulant with cation content 28,118 mg/L for Al and 26,818 mg/L for Fe which called liquid coagulant of Al>Fe, the coagulant with cation content 29,368 mg/L for Al and 29,993 mg/L for Fe which called liquid coagulant of Al≈Fe and the coagulant with cation content 23,926 mg/L for Al and 34,993 mg/L for Fe which called liquid coagulant of AlFe coagulant, 3 NTU and 133 mg/L for Al≈Fe coagulant and 3 NTU and 24 mg/L for Al
EFEKTIVITAS KOAGULAN CAIR BERBASIS LEMPUNG ALAM UNTUK MENYISIHKAN ION Mn (II) DAN Mg (II) DARI AIR GAMBUT
(2013-05-02) Fetriyeni, M.; Muhdarina; Nurhayati
Clay as abundant natural products can be used for various things, one of which is a coagulant in water treatment. This research has been utilized Cengar clay as a liquid coagulant source. The liquid coagulant was made through extraction of the Cengar clay by using sulfuric acid solution with variation of concentration, temperature and extraction time. After measuring by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry methode, two liquid coagulants with the highest content of Al and Fe ions (mg/L) was found. There are (mg/L) : Al 28.118 and Fe 26.818 for liquid coagulant of Al>Fe type and Al 23.926 and Fe 34.993 for liquid coagulant of AlFe, the content of Mn (II) and Mg (II) in the peat water was reduced to 24.429 mg/L and 17.2 mg/L, similar to the liquid coagulant of Al
THE EFFECT OF OIL-METHANOL MOLAR RATIO AND REACTION TIME ON THE SYNTHESIS OF BIODIESEL USING SODIUM ACETAT ACTIVATED CLAY HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST
(2014-05-21) Nurhayati; Erman; Muhdarina; Mulyani, Sri
Biodiesel is mainly produced from vegetable oils or animal fats by the method of transesterification reaction using catalysts. Many heterogeneous solid acid and base catalysts have been studied for the transesterification of various vegetables oils. In this study the transesterification of vegetables oil to fatty acid methyl esters was studied using sodium acetat activated clay catalyst. The catalyst was prepared by adding 200ml CH3COONa 1M to 10gr clay, stirred, washed and calcined at 300oC for 3 hours. The transesterification reaction was performed with variation of the oil-methanol molar ratio and reaction time. Furthermore, the quality of biodiesel produced were characterized by ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials) method i.e. viscosity, flash point, carbon residue, cetane number and acid number, and the analysis result was compared with standardize (SNI). Free Fatty Acid (FFA) of waste cooking oil before synthesis was also calculated. It was found that the maximal production of biodiesel which is 78,033% when the oil-methanol molar ratio is 1:6 and 8 hours of transesterification. The characterizations of biodiesel produced have no significant different and all of those were in the range of Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI)
IDENTIFIKASI SISIK IKAN ASIN SEBAGAI SUMBER ADSORBEN UNTUK PENJERAPAN LOGAM Pb
(2016-05-02) Afriansyah; Nurhayati; Muhdarina
Salted fish scale has potential as an adsorbent for Pb metal removal from aqueous solutions under different experimental conditions. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of physical pretreatments and particle size concerning properties of salted fish scaled. Adsorben from salted fish scale prepared with 3 methods, that were washed with water, soaked at room themperature, soaked at themperature of 80oC. The fish scales were allowed to dry in sunshine for 2 days. The scales were then kept in an oven at 105oC. The adsorbent was characterizationed surface area. The result, sample were washed with water has surface area 8.095 m2/g, sample were soaked at room themperature has surface area 11,1 m2/g, sample were soaked at themperature 80oC has surface area 19,83 m2/g. The maximum concentration for adsorption Pb(II) on salted fish scale that washed with water was at 10 ppm which the %adsorption was 28,05%.
IMPREGNASI LEMPUNG ALAM DAN PRESTASINYA UNTUK MELEPASKAN CU(II) DARI DALAM AIR
(2012-11-12) Muhdarina; Nurhayati; Bahri, Syaiful
Lempung alam yang tersusun oleh kaoiinit, muscovit dan kuarsa telah diimpregnasi dengan larutan berair 1 molar ammonium asetat dan sodium asetat. Jenis mineral dan komposisi oksida tidak berubah pada lempung terimpregnasi, tetapi kandungan oksida logam dan kapasitas kation penukar berubah. Prestasi adsorpsi kation Cu(ll) oleh lempung alam dan lempung terimpregnasi dipengaruhi oleh pH larutan Cu(ll). Interaksi Cu(ll) dengan lempung memenuhi kinetika order pseudo-kedua, data kesetimbangan adsorpsi mengikuti isotherm Langmuir, sedangkan proses adsorpsi berjalan secara eksotermis dengan penurunan entropi dan kenaikan energi Gibbs. Pemodifikasi sodium asetat memberikan kapasitas adsorpsi kation Cu(ll) paling tinggi diantara lempung-lempung itu.
Indonesia Bioenergy Future Prospective: Status, Challenge And Opportunity
(2014-11-09) Syaiful, Bahri; Muhdarina
It was realised that the World energy consumptions tend to increase whilist it supplies continuously decreases. Fossil fuel as main fuel resources have trend declining. So an alternative energy resources is inevitably needed for substitution. Bioenergy is one of renewable energy r-esources have a potential prospect. In recent day fossil fuel resorces were still powerful but not for future. There is a huge number of renewable energy resources available around the world, as well as in lndonesia. Indonesia is having a potential abundance of renewable energy resources, such as, solar, wind, water, tide, wave, biomass etc., which is scill underdevelopped. Indonesia bioenergy potential need to have a serious attention and exploitation to become a part of substitution of world energy demand. Facing this situation lndonesia should have a strong strategy and effort to coup-up-with this challenge. Indonesia roadmap for renewable energy research strategy should have established. There were a lots of things should be provided as a consequences such as research infrastructure. research team and budget, manufacture and businesses of bioenergy, business industry and marketing.To be part of world bioenergy community, lndonesia has an opportunity become a key nation to play role as a bioenergy potential for future due to its potential resources. Key word; bioenergy, nation potential, renewable energy
Isoterm Adsorpsi Cobal T(Ii) Dari Media Air Oleh Lempung Alam Cengar Secara Batch
(2014-11-09) Muhdarina; Syaiful, Bahri
Efektitas suatu adsorben dinilai dari kemampuannya untuk menjerap adsorbat ke atas permukaannya, Situs adsorpsi Permukaan adsorben disiapkan melalui impregnasi lempung alam Cengar ke dalam larutan 0, I molar garam amonium asetat Dan klorida Serangkaian uji adsorpsi dijalankan sebagai fungsi waktu kontak, konsentrasi adsorbat dan ph larutan di dalarn System batch. Kemampuan adsorpsi Cobalt(ll) oleh lempung alam Cengar dipelajari melalui model isotenn Freundlich, Lengmuir dan Dubinin-Raduskevich, Kation Cobalt(II) lebih banyak terjerap pada situs permukaan lempung yang Diimpregnasi di dalam larutan amonium asetat. Proses adsorpsi terjadi selarna 120 detik dan umumnya berlangsung pada PH 7. Adsorpsi kation cobait(II) di permukaan lempung Cengar mengikuti model isotenn Freundlich dan Langmuir . Kekuatan ikatan antara kation logam dengan situs adsorpsi permukaan lempung sesuai dengan gaya coulomb. Kata Kunci : Lempung alam Cengar, impregnasi, garam amonium, isoterm,Coulomb
ISOTERMA DAN TERMODINAMIKA ADSORPSI KATION PLUMBUM(II) PADA LEMPUNG CENGAR TERAKTIVASI ASAM SULFAT
(2013-07-30) Johan, A.; Muhdarina; Amri, T. A.
This research studied isotherm and thermodynamic adsorption of Pb(II) on sulfuric acid activated Cengar clay. Cengar clay was activated by various moles of sulfuric acid (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mol). The adsorption process of Pb(II) on the sulfuric acid activated Cengar clay was observed under batch system at various of Pb(II) concentration and temperature for 90 minutes. The observed data was analyzed with isotherm and thermodynamic. The research results showed the adsorption model of Pb(II) on all of the sulfuric acid activated Cengar clay accordance with Freundlich isotherm. Furthermore, adsorption process of Pb(II) on the Cengar clay activated by 0.2 moles of sulfuric acid occurs with endothermic, where ∆H 29,672 kJ/mol, ∆S 116,063 J/molK and ∆G - 5,784 kJ/mol, respectively.
KARAKTERISASI LEMPUNG CENGAR TERAKTIVASI ASAM SULFAT
(2013-07-19) Nurpiyenti; Muhdarina; Amri, T. A.
Sulfuric acid activated Cengar clay was a side product of liquid coagulant. It was obtained by calcination of the Cengar clay at 500 oC for 3 hours and then extracted with sulfuric acid with varying moles (0,2 ; 0,4 and 0,6) at 30 oC for a hour and filtered. The sulfuric acid activated clay solid then was calcined again at temperature of 230 oC for 5 hours. The sulfuric acid activated Cengar clay was characterized to identify the mineral types and Si/Al ratio. Characterization by x-ray diffraction (XRD) have generated a new mineral of bassanite at every moles of sulfuric acid, whereas the types of clay mineral that only calcined at 500 oC for 3 hours (LC500) are kaolinite, muscovite, monmorilonite, and calcite. Meanwhile, the Si/Al ratio in every sulfuric acid activated clays LC0,2, LC0,4 and LC0,6 are 1,56, 2,93 and 3,18, respectively, while the LC500 is 1,69.

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