DSpace Repository :: Browsing by Author "Yelmida"

Browsing by Author "Yelmida"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 34

Efisiensi Penyisihan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Limbah Cair Pabrik Sagu Menggunakan Bioreaktor Hibrid Anaerob Pada Kondisi Tunak Dengan Variabel Laju Pembebanan Organik
(2012-10-23) kusuma, Yatri lestyana; Ahmad Adrianto; Yelmida
Meranti Islands producing sago 450.000 tons / year. In producing one ton of sago need 20.000 liters of water, so the water can be estimated in need 9 million kl of water / year, of which 94% of the water would be liquid waste, so the wastewater generated in the production of sago approximately 8.46 million kl of water / year or 23.000 kl of water / day. Liquid waste has a high concentration of COD, this causes the dissolved oxygen content in the water is low. One way to lower the COD concentration by using hybrid anaerobic bioreactor. The purpose of this research is to set aside a COD removal efficiency of COD and determine optimal treatment of sago wastewater on the conditions of steady state.Volume hybrid bioreactor used in this study is equal to 10 L with dimensions of length 40 cm, width 26 cm, height 24 cm. Do variations in organic loading rate is 12.5 kgCOD/m3day a flow rate of 2.5 L / day; 16.7 kgCOD/m3 day a flow rate of 3.3 L / day, 25 kgCOD/m3day a flow rate of 5 L / day; 50 kgCOD/m3day with a flow rate of 10 L / day. Each organic loading rate operated until steady state is obtained based on the data of COD. The results showed that the COD removal efficiency obtained at the operation site organic loading rate of 12.5 kgCOD/m3day by 90%. Thus, the design of hybrid anaerobic bioreactor system mediated stones can be realized to create a technology that is used to treat waste effectively and efficiently.
ESTERIFIKASI PFAD (PALM FATTY ACID DISTILLATE) MENJADI BIODIESEL MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS H-ZEOLIT DENGAN VARIABEL SUHU REAKSI DAN KECEPATAN PENGADUKAN
(2012-10-30) Karunia, Antonia Frenny; Zahrina Ida; Yelmida
Petroleum fuel requirement for future always increase but still little alternative energy to make balance. Therefore, it’s important to research alternative energy for fuel substitution of petroleum. PFAD (Palm Fatty Acid Distillate) is raw material that have big potency to produce alternative energy, one of alternative energy is biodiesel. Biodiesel is one of the alternative source substitution to made diesel oil that use reaction of vegetation oil esterification. Esterification is reaction of free fatty acid (FFA) with alcohol to form metil ester (biodiesel) and water. Esterification PFAD use H-Zeolit that preparation of natural zeolites, alcohol that used for esterification reaction is methanol. The change variable of esterification PFAD that use are reaction temperatur ( 600C ; 650C ; 700C) and the mixer speed (100 rpm, 200 rpm, 300 rpm) and for fixed variable are ratio of molar PFAD : methanol is 1:5 and heavy ratio H-Zeolit catalyst is 15 % (basic PFAD). Biodisel which result will be analyse viscosity kinematic, density, cloud point, flash point, and cetane number. This research got highest reaction conversion when temperatur reaction is 650C and the mixer speed is 300 rpm that is 38,37 %.
ESTERIFIKASI PFAD (PALM FATTY ACID DISTILLATE) MENJADI BIODIESEL MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS H-ZEOLIT DENGAN VARIABEL WAKTU REAKSI DAN KECEPATAN PENGADUKAN
(2012-10-30) Silitonga, James; Zahrina Ida; Yelmida
Requirement of petroleum for future always increase suitable with development that happened in Indonesia. But, if we realize, in the reality not enough existing petroleum reserve to fulfill requirement in the future. Therefore, from this time important to think of alternative energy that able to be developed as substitution. Petroleum is fossil fuel which can not to be innovated. PFAD (Palm Fatty Acid Distillate) is raw material that have big potency to making biodiesel. Biodiesel is one of the alternative source substitution to made diesel oil that use reaction of vegetation oil esterification. Esterification is reaction of free fat acid with alcohol to form ester and water. Esterification PFAD use H-Zeolit that preparation of natural zeolites, alcohol which used for esterification reaction is methanol. Esterification PFAD variable is time reaction ( 30 minute, 60 minute and 90 minute), the mixer speed (100 rpm, 200 rpm, 300 rpm), ratio of molar PFAD : methanol of 1:5 and heavy ratio H-Zeolit catalyst is 15 % (basic PFAD). Biodisel which result will be analyse viscosity kinematic, density, cloud point, flash point, and cetane number. This research got highest reaction conversion when reaction of 60 minute and mixer speed is 300 rpm that is 39,26 %.
Influence of The Calcination Temperature And Ratio Of Cao/Hno3 On The Synthesis Of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate From Cockle Shell (Anadara Granosa)
(2016-04-22) Purba, Paul Destin; Octavianty, Dhini; Amri, Amun; Zultiniar; Yelmida
The aim of this research is to synthesis the Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) from Anadara granosa cockle-sheell via carbonation method. The tested variables were the calcination temperatures (700oC, 800oC, and 900oC) and the ratios of between calcium oxide and nitric acid (14:300, 17:300, and 20:300 gr/m)l. The formed nitric calcium was then added by ammonia to pH 12 to start the synthesis of calcium hydroxide followed by flowing it with the carbon dioxide to form white precipitate (PCC). Based on the analysed, the best yield of PCC (84.88%) was obtained at calcination temperature of 900oC with the ratio of 14 gr:300 ml. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) characterizations revealed that the type of crystals formed was vaterit and the shape of crystals were round (sphere-like) with a relatively uniform in size, respectively.
Optimasi Kadar Maleat Anhidrat dan Suhu pada Pembuatan Maleated Natural Rubber Melalui Proses Grafting
(2015-10-27) Yunus, Aulia; Yelmida; Bahruddin
Natural rubber can be developed through a process called Maleated Natural Rubber grafting. A study about the influence of the composition of maleic anhydric (MAH) and temperature on the degree of grafting has been done before. The purpose of this research is to determine the optimum composition and temperature in the process of MAH grafted natural rubber. The composition of MAH is 7, 8, 9, and 10 phr with temperature conditions is 150, 155, 160 and 165oC. The grafting process use internal mixer operated at 60 rpm for 10 minutes. Grafting degree determined by titrimetric method where MNR in xylene solution titrated using MeOH solution. The results showed that the optimum composition and the temperature are 8.36 phr and 160oC with 3.62% grafitng degree
OPTIMASI KONDISI PROSES AKTIVASI BENTONIT LOKAL MENGGUNAKAN H2SO4 SEBAGAI ADSORBEN PADA PROSES DEHIDRASI ETANOL DENGAN RESPON SURFACE METHODE
(2013-05-04) Drastinawati; Zahrina, Ida; Yelmida
Bentonit adalah jenis mineral lempung, dengan komposisi kimianya ± 80% terdiri dari mineral monmorillonite (Na.Ca)0,33(Al.Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2(H2O)n. Kebutuhan industri akan bentonit semakin meningkat, sementara cadangan bentonit di Propinsi Riau sangatlah besar, ± 3.733.135 M3, namun belum banyak dimanfaatkan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengamati kemampuan penjerapan bentonit untuk proses dehidrasi etanol. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada optimasi kondisi proses aktivasi bentonit dengan variabel bebas yang digunakan terdiri atas 3 faktor. Faktor – faktor tersebut adalah konsentrasi larutan asam H2SO4 (X1) pada rentang 0,8 – 1,6 M , suhu aktivasi (X2) pada rentang 51 – 119oC dan waktu aktivasi (X3) pada rentang 2 – 4,68 jam. Data dianalisa menggunakan pendekatan statistik dengan metode Response Surface Methodology Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD). Dari penelitian ini diperoleh penjerapan optimum pada bentonit untuk konsentrasi, suhu dan waktu adalah 1,3 N: 81 0C: 3 jam 20 menit dengan kemampuan penjerapan sebesar 93.25%. Variabel konsentrasi merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap penjerapan adsorben dengan persamaan model
Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Minyak Goreng Bekas Dengan Proses Catalytic Cracking
(2015-12-12) Israyandi; Zahrina Ida; Yelmida
Crude oil is a very important requirement in life. Fuel used now derived from petroleum are not renewable and dwindling availability. Biodiesel is one of the solutions of these problems. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel that can substitute for petroleum diesel is produced from vegetable oils or animal fats. The manufacture of biofuels by using catalytic cracking feedstock used cooking oil. Research variable that used is the variation of temperature process, 380oC, 400oC, 420oC and weight ratio of raw materials to the zeolite that has activated 1:50, 1:75, 1:100. This research aims to produce a maximum yield of biodiesel from waste cooking oil by catalytic cracking catalyst with NZA. The best Yield was obtained which amounted to 82% in comparison with the catalyst 420oC with ratio temperature and raw materials is 1:50.
Pembuatan Nitroselulosa dari Selulosa – α Limbah Pelepah Sawit Dengan Variasi Waktu Nitrasi dan Rasio Bahan Baku Terhadap Asam Penitrasi
(2013-07-09) Miranda; Padil; Yelmida
Manufacture of nitrocellulose is the main ingredient of rocket fuel (propellant). Nitrocellulose produced from the nitration process substitution reactions (replacement) H+ of the -OH groups in cellulose with -NO2+ group from nitric acid. Cellulose used is waste palm frond that has not been used optimally. This study aims to get the best conditions in the nitration process of cellulose with varying time nitration and the ratio of raw material to nitration acids that has a produce nitrocellulose with high nitrogen content. Refining processes such as extraction, hydrolysis, delignification and purification with xylanase enzymes that function to degrade xylan then nitrated with HNO3 and H2SO4. Nitration process conducted by time nitration and the ratio of raw materials to nitration acids . The results obtained by purification of α-cellulose results with xylanase enzymes of 96.25% obtained by the nitration process then do the best conditions the ratio 1:40 for 90 minutes. Based on the test results with Fourier Transform Infra Red spectroscopy (FTIR) is known to occur NO2 groups to exchange two -OH groups. The estimation results in having nitrogen levels > 12.73% so it can be used as rocket fuel (propellant).
PEMBUATAN NITROSELULOSA DARI SELULOSA-α PELEPAH SAWIT HASIL PEMURNIAN DENGAN ENZIM XYLANASE (VARIASI KONSENTRASI ASAM NITRAT DAN RASIO ASAM PENITRASI
(2013-07-11) Harianto, F; Padil; Yelmida
Rocket fuel (propellant) is a strategic raw material to be developed. The main ingredient manufacture of propellant is the nitrocellulose. One of cellulose that can be used as raw material for the manufacture of nitrocellulose is cellulose from waste palm midrib. The purpose of this research is to increase the α-cellulose palm midrib be greater than 92% through the purification process with xylanase enzyme and Looking ratio HNO3: H2SO4 and nitric acid concentration the best on a nitration process on a laboratory scale. Before doing nitration, palm midrib must go through several stages of purification such as extraction, hydrolysis, delignification and purification using and xylanase enzyme. After that, the nitration process by reaction with nitric acid and sulfuric acid for 90 minutes, stirring speed of 165 rpm and temperature <15oC with variations in the ratio of nitric acid and sulfuric acid as well as variations in the concentration of nitric acid. Nitrocellulose is then performed FTIR analysis to see the group substituted with -NO2 and observation of the flame to see the content of nitrogen in the nitrocellulose. The resulting cellulose has a content α-cellulose 96.25% and nitrocellulose produced by using the best conditions ratio of nitric acid and sulfuric acid 1:2 (% w/w) and the concentration of nitric acid 60% had higher levels of nitrogen were estimated 12.73% because substitusing 2 group- NO2. So it can be concluded that α-cellulose of the palm frond can be used for the manufacture of nitrocellulose as a rocket fuel (propellant).
Pemurnian Selulosa Alfa Pelepah Sawit Menggunakan Enzim Xylanase
(2013-08-26) Caesari; Padil; Yelmida
Midrib of palm oil is the most solid wastes which produced in oil palm plantations. Palm midrib is contained of 34.89% α-cellulose content percentage that can be improved with cooking using the extract solution ash of palm empty fruit bunches (Padil, 2010) and continued with the process of purification using xylanase enzyme. Higher content of Cellulose-α can be processed into a more commercially product. Cellulose-α> 92% qualified to be used as the main raw material (nitrocellulose) or making explosives and propellants. Stages of the purification process a palm midrib cellulose is extraction, hydrolysis, delignification and purification using xylanase enzyme with variations process is temperature (50, 60 and 70 ° C), enzyme dose (1, 2 and 3 ml) and the source of the enzyme (Aspergillus and Trichoderma sp so). Purification process operating conditions are: pH 5, time 90 minutes, the solid-solution 1:25. Content of purified cellulose-α increased to 96.60% for variable temperature at 60 ° C, 3 ml dose of enzymes and enzyme xylanase from Aspergillus sp.
PEMURNIAN SELULOSA-α HASIL HIDROLISIS PELEPAH SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN ENZIM XYLANASE DENGAN VARIASI pH DAN SUMBER ENZIM XYLANASE
(2013-08-26) Sari, D. P; Padil; Yelmida
Midrib palm is one of the waste that produced from palm farming which contain alpha cellulose about 35%. The component of alpha cellulose could be used as a raw material for nitrocellulose if it is has more than 92% of purity. So to increase the purity of alpha cellulose, midrib palm has to be treated by purifying step. In this time, chemical still be choices to be material for purify alpha cellulose, while as we know that chemical has a bad impact for our envirotment. So it is important to search another purifying agent and it is xylanase. Xylanase is one of enzyme that has an ability to break up the link between xylose in xylan. So the purpose of this research are to use xylanase as another purifying agent, to know what is the best pH for this purifying process and to compare the result between two xylanases that produced from different fungi. Before start the purifying step, midrib have to through extraction step to remove all extractive and continue with hydrolisis step by using extraction liquid of palm empty bunch ash. Then after that purifying step can be done at 600C for 1,5 hours by making some differences at pH (4,5 and 6). The highest purity of alpha cellulose was reached at pH 6 by using xylanase from Aspergillus niger about 97,55%. So the conclucion of this research are, the best pH for purifying process by using xylanase is 6 and the best xylanase is the one which produce from Aspergillus niger. Beside that, the use of xylanase which is comes from the same species will be not affected much to the purifying result.
PENGARIUH PENAMBAHAN LARUTAN SODIUM LIGNOSULFONAT BERBASIS SERBUK GERGAJI SEBAGAI WATER REDUCING ADMIXTURE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEKUATAN TEKAN BETON MORTAR
(2013-03-07) Khairat; Yelmida; Amri, Amun
Sodium Lignosuifonat (SLS) merupakan senyawa turunan lignin yang mengalami sulfonasi. Pada penelitian ini Sodium Lignosuifonat (SLS) dibuat dari limbah serbuk gergaji dengan sodium bisulfit (NaHSOs) dan kemudian digunakan sebagai aditif "Water Reducing Admixture" (WRA) pada beton. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh SLS sebagai aditif dalam campuran beton berdasarkan jumlah penambahan SLS dan pengurangan volume air yang digunakan. Kondisi optimal yang diperoleh dari penelitian yaitu dengan kuat tekan yang dihasilkan 31,480 kg/cm^ pada campuran beton dengan penggunaan SLS 0,5% dari berat air dan pemakaian air 0,5 fraksi berat dari semen. Angka ini diatas kuat tekan beton tanpa penambahan SLS (kenaikan 66,165%).
PENGEMBANGAN PRODUKSI NITROSELLULOSA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PROPELAN DARI LIMBAH PELEPAH SAWIT
(2013-04-01) Padil; Puspita, Fifi; Yelmida
Pelepah sawit merupakan limbah padat dari perkebunan sawit yang belum banyak dimanfaatkan menjadi produk bernilai tambah. Pemanfaatan pelepah sawit menjadi sumber selulosa yang telah dilakukan adalah dengan proses kimiawi yaitu menggunakan NaOH atau KOH pada proses hidrolisanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan ekstrak abu tandan kosong sawit sebagai sumber kalium yang direaksikan dengan H2O menghasilkan KOH untuk proses hidrolisanya. Proses dilanjutkan dengan bleaching dengan menggunakan enzim xilanase sebagai bleaching agent untuk memurnikan selulosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi enzim xilanase sebagai bleaching agent, serta menentukan pH bleaching untuk menghasilkan kemurnian selulosa yang tinggi. Proses pemurnian sellulosa pada limbah pelepah sawit diawali dengan proses treatment pelepah sawit kemudian dilanjutkan dengan proses hidrolisis dengan menggunakan ekstrak abu tandan kosong sawit selanjutnya dilakukan proses bleaching dengan variasi konsentrasi enzim xilanase ( 1, 2, 3, 4 dan 5 %) dan pH bleaching (8, 9, 10, 11 dan 12). Setelah proses bleaching, pelepah sawit hasil bleaching dianalisa kadar selulosa – α. Kondisi operasi terbaik diperoleh pada konsentrasi enzim xilanase 2% dan pH bleaching 9 dengan kemurnian selulosa – α mencapai 92,70
Penyisihan Kandungan Padatan Limbah Cair Pabrik Sagu Dengan Bioreaktor Hibrid Anaerob Pada Kondisi Start-up
(2013-05-15) Ul Fadhli, Taufiq; Ahmad, Adrianto; Yelmida
Limbah cair sagu meningkat seiring dengan perkembangan industri sagu di Indonesia. Limbah cair sagu bersifat asam, berbau busuk dan memiliki konsentrasi padatan yang tinggi. Padatan adalah salah satu parameter dalam mengidentifikasi tingkat pencemaran suatu limbah cair. Padatan limbah cair pabrik sagu dapat berupa padatan organik dan anorganik. Padatan organik umumnya dapat didegradasi oleh mikroorganisme, sementara padatan anorganik sulit didegradasi oleh mikroorganisme. Oleh karena itu, limbah cair sagu ini perlu penanganan terlebih dahulu sebelum dibuang ke badan air atau perairan. Penanganan padatan dari limbah cair pabrik sagu dapat dilakukan secara anaerob menggunakan bioreaktor hibrid anaerob bermedia batu. Keberhasilan bioreaktor ini dalam mengolah limbah cair tergantung pada strategi melakukan start-up bioreaktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyisihkan dan mendapatkan tingkat penurunan kandungan padatan limbah cair sagu pada kondisi start-up. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses start-up bioreaktor hibrid anaerob berlangsung selama 57 hari dengan WTH 2 L/hari, kondisi operasi suhu ruang dan pH rata rata 6,0. Efisiensi penyisihan TS sebesar 63 %, TVS sebesar 43 %, TSS sebesar 60 % dan VSS sebesar 61 %. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa bioreaktor hibrid anaerob bermedia batu baik dalam menyisihkan kandungan padatan limbah cair pabrik sagu.
PENYISIHAN KANDUNGAN PADATAN LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK SAGU DENGAN BIOREAKTOR HIBRID ANAEROB PADA KONDISI START-UP
(2012-10-31) Fadhli, Taufiq Ul; Ahmad Adrianto; Yelmida
Sago Liquid waste increased with the development of sago industry in Indonesia. Sago liquid waste is acidic, foul-smelling and has a high concentration of solids. Solids is one of the parameters in the identification of a wastewater pollution levels. Sago mill waste water solids can be organic and inorganic solids. Organic solids can generally be degraded by microorganisms, while inorganic solids difficult degraded by microorganisms. Therefore, it is necessary sago wastewater treatment before discharge into water bodies or water. Handling of solid sago mill waste water can be done using the anaerobic bioreactor of media anaerobic hybrid rocks. The success of this bioreactor in treating wastewater depends on the strategy of start-up bioreactor. This study aimed to isolate and get the reduced rate of sago wastewater solids content at start-up conditions. The results showed that the start-up of hybrid anaerobic bioreactor lasts for 58 days with WTH 2 L / day, operating conditions at room temperature and pH of 6.2 to 7.1 average. TS removal efficiency by 63,87%, TVS by 43,75%, TSS by 60,63% and 61,76% VSS. This shows that the hybrid anaerobic bioreactor mediated in both rock solid content aside sago mill waste water
Perengkahan Katalitik Minyak Goreng Bekas Untuk Produksi Biofuel Menggunakan Katalis Cu/Zeolit
(2014-11-02) Saputra, Benny; Zahrina Ida; Yelmida
Fossil fuel is the primary source of energy derived from fossil and non-renewable, and availability is limited. Biofuel is one of the solutions and alternative energy sources. This study aims to produce a maximum yield of biofuel from catalytic cracking of waste cooking oil with catalyst Cu / Zeolite. Yield maximum of biofuel is obtained at a temperature of 400 0C with catalyst ratio 1/75 of 62.5%. Cracking results were analyzed by GCMS method. Cracking product is a liquid alkane constituent of the fuel of 69.85% with conversion amount 43.66%.
Perengkahan Katalitik Minyak Goreng Bekas Untuk Produksi Biofuel Menggunakan Katalis Ni/Zeolit
(2015-12-12) Bachtas, Gatot Putra; Zahrina Ida; Yelmida
Diversification of energy is the utilization of alternative energy, one of which is biofuel (BBN), which is a readily available alternative energy in Indonesia. This study aims to produce a maximum yield of biofuel from catalytic cracking of waste cooking oil catalyst with a Ni / Zeolite. Cracking performed in a stirred batch reactor for 3 hours with a catalyst concentration Ni / Zeolite 1% and N2 flow rate 150 ml / min. Yield maximum of biofuel is obtained at a temperature of 400 0C with catalyst ratio 1/75 amount 67.5%. Cracking results were analyzed by GCMS method. Cracking product is a liquid alkane constituent of the fuel of 75.34% with conversion of 48.97%.
PERENGKAHAN KATALITIK MINYAK JELANTAH MENGHASILKAN BIOFUEL MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS FeMo/ZEOLIT
(2013-07-16) Faluti, Arman; Zahrina Ida; Yelmida
Has done research used cooking oil catalytic cracking produce biofuel with the help of FeMo catalyst/zeolite and varying temperatures (380, 400 and 420oC) and the concentration of Fe/Mo (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5% by weight). The purpose of this research study the effect of two variables on yield (%) resulting product, knowing the main constituent component of biofuels and the best conditions of the catalytic cracking process used cooking oil. Of research, yield (%) highest product of 69.71% is obtained at a temperature of 400oC and the concentration of Fe / Mo 1% by weight. GC-MS analysis of the results obtained the highest conversion of biofuel product that is equal to 67.99% at 400oC temperature and concentration of metal Fe / Mo 1% by weight.
PERENGKAHAN KATALITIK MINYAK JELANTAH UNTUK MENGHASILKAN BIOFUEL MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS NI-MO/ZEOLIT
(2013-07-09) Saputra, Riko; Zahrina Ida; Yelmida
The use and utilization of biofuel became the main alternative to overcome the problem of dependence on fuel. Biofuel can be produced from the cracking of waste cooking oil. Waste cooking oil can be converted into biofuels through a catalytic cracking process using a catalyst Ni.Mo / Zeolite. Metal concentration was varied at 0%; 0,5%; 1%; and 1,5%; with a variation of the reaction temperature, 380oC, 400oC and 420oC. Cracking process using nitrogen gas with a flow rate of 150 ml / min. Maximum product yield obtained at a temperature of 400oC with metal concentrations 1.5%, amounting to 108 ml with 43.06% biofuel conversion. Biofuel composition obtained Diesel: 42.82 %
PERENGKAHAN KATALITIK PALM FATTY ACID DESTILLATE (PFAD) MENGHASILKAN BIOFUEL MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS Ni/ZEOLIT
(2013-07-02) Devi, Gustina; Zahrina Ida; Yelmida
Utilization of renewable alternative energy is needed to overcome the dependence on fossil fuels. One alternative energy that can be harnessed from the vegetable. Biofuel can be produced from the cracking of fatty acids, one of which is Destillate Palm Fatty Acid (PFAD). PFAD can be converted into biofuels through a catalytic cracking process using a catalyst Ni / Zeolite. Metal concentration was varied at 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% with a variation of reaction temperature 360oC, 380oC, 400oC and 420oC. Cracking process using nitrogen gas with a flow rate of 150 ml / min. Yield (%) of products and highest biofuel conversion obtained respectively 97% and 67% at the reaction temperature of 400oC with a concentration of 1% Ni metal. Biofuel composition obtained Gasoline are 8%, and 60.61% Kerosene plus Diesel.

Browsing by Author "Yelmida"

Results Per Page

Sort Options