Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences

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ABU CANGKANG BUAH KETAPANG (Terminalia catappa) SEBAGAI ADSORBEN ZAT WARNA METILEN BIRU
(2017-01-09) Siahaan, Agnes Rezky; Muhdarina; Nurhayati
Ketapang (Terminallia catappa) fruit shell belong to an organic waste which is a source of carbon compounds derived from cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. This study utilized ketapang fruit shell waste in the environment Riau University campus to be converted into ashes. Ash was obtained by calcined at a temperature of 700 °C (CBK-700) and 800 °C (CBK-800) for 1 hour. Furthermore, ash was used as an biosorbent of methylene blue in following parameters variation; contact time (15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes), dosage of adsorbent (0,5; 1; 2 and 3 g) and initial concentration of adsorbate (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 50 ppm). Result of the research showed that adsorption of methylene blue by ketapang fruit shell occured in optimum condition of contact time 15 minutes, dosage of adsorbent 0,5 g and initial concentration of adsorbat 50 ppm. Ketapang fruit shell ash was given the adsorption capacity value against methylene blue were 5,1030 mg g-1 for CBK-700 and 5,0280 mg g-1 for CBK-800. Difference of calcination temperature wasn’t give a large difference against asdorption capacity of methylene blue.
ADSORPSI ARANG AKTIF SABUT PINANG (Areca cathecu L) MENGGUNAKAN AKTIVATOR H2SO4 TERHADAP ION LOGAM KADMIUM (Cd2+) DAN TIMBAL (Pb2+)
(2016-10-19) Syauqi, Muhammad Ridho; Bali, Subardi; Itnawita
Fibers nut activated charcoal has been used as an adsorbent to remove cadmium (Cd2+) and lead (Pb2+) ions in solution; The activated charcoal of fibers nut was made by carbonization at 400oC for ± 2 hours and chemical activation using various concentration of H2SO4 (2.5; 5.0 and 7.5%). The characterization result showed that fibers nut activated charcoal using H2SO4 7.5% had 2,69% of moisture contain, 0.92% of ash content, 667,59 mg/g of iodine adsorption, 4,62 mg/g of methylene blue adsorption and 17,12 m2/g of surface area. Adsorption ability of the activated charcoal was analyzed in variation concentration of cadmium and lead solution for 24 hours and measured using Atomic Absorption of Spectrophotometer (AAS). The result showed the adsorption efficiency of activated charcoal of fibers nut for cadmium (Cd2+) ion was 69,58% at initial concentration 8,58 ppm and for lead (Pb2+) ion was 97,89% at initial concentration 22,80 ppm.
ADSORPSI ZAT WARNA CONGO RED MENGGUNAKAN ZEOLIT ALAM TERAKTIVASI
(2016-10-12) Lasmana, Andrik; Mukhtar, Akmal; Tamboesai, Emrizal Mahidin
The increase in the adsorption capacity of the zeolite can be done by modifying the zeolite. This research aims to use the activated zeolite for adsorption of the dye congo red with some parameters. Preparation of adsorbent begins with the physical activation by heating for 2 hours at a temperature of 3000C. Zeolite was characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Parameters for congo red dye adsorption were analyzed mass, contact time and pH. Adsorptiont process was done by varying the mass (0.1, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g) , the contact time (30,60,90 and 120 minutes), and pH (1, 3, 5, 7 dan 9) and measured using UV-Vis Spectrofotometri. All adsorption values obtained were compared between natural zeolite activated and non-activation of natural zeolite. The results indicate that activation zeolite better absorption than the non-activation of zeolite. The optimum condition for adsorption was at mass (0.1 g), time (90 minutes) and pH 3 which activated zeolite for adsoption percentage reached 95.49% while the non-activation zeolite adsorption percentage of only 44.65%
AKAR KUADRAT DARI MATRIKS KUADRAT ORDE 3
(Elfitra, 2023-11) Syahreza, Robby Feriko
A new approach is presented in this article with the purpose of calculating the square roots of a quadratic matrix order 3. Determination of the explicit formula for each square roots of quadratic matrix order 3 can be determined by applying the Cayley-Hamilton Theorem to its characteristic polynomial. Some examples are given in the application of the explicit formula to determine the square roots of a quadratic matrix order 3.
AKAR KUBIK DARI MATRIKS KUADRAT ORDE 2
(Elfitra, 2022-05) Safitri, Silvia Nur
This article discusses a new approach to evaluate the cubic roots of a quadratic matrix order 2 by using the Cayley-Hamilton’s theorem. In addition, this article also aims to show how the Cayley-Hamilton’s theorem can be used to determine the explicit formula of each cubic roots of quadratic matrix. In its application several examples are given to determine the cubic roots of a quadratic matrix order 2 are given.
AKTIVASI ARANG CANGKANG BUAH NIPAH (Nypa frutican Wurmb) MENGGUNAKAN RADIASI MICROWAVE
(Elfitra, 2022-06) Susilawati, Nurdiah; Anita, Sofia
Nipa palm shell (Nypa frutican Wurmb) is one part of nipa that potentially used as an adsorbent, due to its content 45.6% of cellulose, 23.5% of hemicellulose and 19.4% of lignin. The aim of this research was to determine the optimum condition of irradiation time. The nipa palm shell was prepared through carbonization at 500°C and activated by microwave irradiation at 600 W with various activation times (5, 10 and 15 minutes). Carbon resulted from nipa palm shell was characterized by SNI No. 06-3730-1995 and SEM. Optimum microwave activation time at 10 minutes produce 1.28% of water content, 10.6% of ash content, 1003.3 mg/g of iod adsorption, 7.5686 mg/g of methylene blue adsorption and 28.0624 m2/g of surface area. It can be concluded that microwave activation increase the ability of iod adsorption, methylene blue adsorption and surface area of activated carbon. Based on this work, activated process by microwave succed to improve the ability of adsorbent.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI AKTINOMISETES LAHAN GAMBUT RIMBO PANJANG KAMPAR RIAU TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus
(2016-05-19) Rosandi, Gita Putri; Roza, Rodesia Mustika; Martina, Atria
Potential actinomycetes in producing antibacterial compound has been widely studied. However, not so many information about antibacterial compound produced by local isolates actinomycetes from Riau despite its high diversity. The aim of this research is to determine potential of actinomycetes from Rimbo Panjang Peat, Kampar, Riau in producing antibacterial compounds against S. aureus. Agar disc method was used to test the antibacterial activity by measuring the inhibition zone. Furthermore, antibacterial compounds produced by isolated filtrate of actinomycetes, following five day fermentation, were tested using paper disc method. The result showed that 13 of 40 isolates which were tested using agar disc method had antibacterial activity against S. aureus with the highest inhibition zone was 18,45 mm (isolates KN 5.4). Meanwhile, only 6 of 13 isolates filtrate which were tested using paper disc method showed antibacterial activity with the highest inhibition zone of 16,16 mm (KN 5.4).
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI FRAKSI EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT KO-KULTUR Penicillium sp. LBKURCC34 DAN Staphylococcus aureus
(Elfitra, 2022-01) Nurhidayati, Rahmadanis; Nurulita, Yuana; Yuharmen, Yuharmen
Penicillium sp. LBKURCC34 has the ability to produce antibacterial activity by single and co-culture fermentation. To increase diversity of chemical compounds, in this study, Penicillium sp. LBKURCC34 was fermented by co-culture with the addition of Staphylococcus aureus on day 3rd for 14 days incubation. To obtain active fractions as antibacterial activity from the ethyl acetate extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, fractionation using Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) was applied. It resulted in 15 fractions, the highest antibacterial activity against bacteria E. coli in F3A, F6A, and F6B fractions and against bacteria S. aureus in F3A, F4, and F5 fractions with the best activity against S. aureus were F3A that contained nonpolar compounds.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN BENALU (Scurulla sp) YANG TUMBUH PADA BEBERAPA INANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Salmonella typhi
(2013-03-04) Nasution, Pebriana; Roza, Rodesia Mustika; Fitmawati
Scurulla sp as arboreal parasitic plant that hold and absorb its nutrient from host. During nutrient absorption, all of metabolites (include secondary metabolites) which produce by the host will be also absorbed. For this reason Scurulla sp must have capability to develop strategies to adapt. Different host are estimated to produce different secondary metabolite. The aims of this study is to know the best solvent between water and methanol to reduce the antibacterial activity of leaf extracts Scurulla sp from different hosts (Coffea arabica, Theobroma cacao, Diospyros nigra) and to know the concentration exctract of Scurulla sp against S. typhi. The method used in this research is the experimental method in the laboratory. There are 5 concentration variations. This extraction performed used methanol and water, and were used series of dilution 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The exctract than was tested by paper disc diffusion and agar wells method, then incubated for 24-72 hours at room temperature. Observations were made by measuring the area which of inhibition. The results showed the inhibition of the solvent methanol has the inhibition area is bigger than the solvent water at all concentrations. Extract of Scurulla sp from Coffea arabica host, Theobroma cacao host and Diospyros nigra host showed the highest in a 100% concentration. The lowest concentration of 10% is characterized by no area of the inhibition on all hosts with the methanol and water solvents
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN MAHANG (Macaranga triloba (Muell.) Arg.) TERHADAP Escherichia coli DAN Salmonella typhi
(2013-03-04) Sari, Rika Purnama; Roza, Rodesia Mustika; Fitmawati
Many kinds of plant species grow in Indonesia. One of them is Mahang (Macaranga triloba (Muell.) Arg.). Mahang (Macaranga triloba (Muell.) Arg.) leaf are often used as traditional medicine. The aims of this study were to find the activity of bacterias using 4 extraction methods and to find the most effective extraction method and concentration in inhibition the bacteria growth againts E. coli and S. typhi. The extraction which had been done by maceration method with methanol dissolver, boiling dry leaf, grinding leaf, boiling fresh leaf. The testing activity was done using paper disk and agar well by extract concentration 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 10%. The result of this research showed that of the most effective extraction method and concentration in producing inhibition zone were methanol in concentration of 100%, both E. coli and S. typhi, that is 15,43±2,19 mm and 20,67±1,14 mm
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) TERHADAP Escherichia coli DAN Salmonella typhi
(2013-03-04) Anggrahini, Dian ND.; Roza, Rodesia M.; Fitmawati
Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a plant which had been used by society since long time ago as a traditional medicine. It was predicted that there was antibacterial substances in papaya, so it can be used as antibiotic substitutes. The aims of this study were to know the extraction method and concentration of Carica papaya L. against the test bacteria. Carica papaya L. leaf extract were made by maceration method, grinding method, boiling fresh leaf method, and boiling dry leaf method. The test bacteria were E. coli and S. typhi. The inhibition zone was determined for concentration ranging from 10% to 100% (10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%). Antibacterial activity test was done using paper disc and agar well methods. The result showed that Carica papaya L. leaf extract had antibacterial activities against E. coli and S. typhi that was showed by zone of inhibition. Maceration method with agar well was the most effective extraction method against of E. coli and S. typhi. The bigest zone of inhibition was showed in concentration 100%. The maceration method with agar well demonstrated the highest activity against E. coli (17±1 mm zone of inhibition) and S. typhi (15±0,5 mm zone of inhibition)
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI ISOLAT AKTINOMISETES DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN Escherichia coli
(Elfitra, 2022-04) Yahani, Imel; Roza, Rodesia Mustika
The use of antibiotics for infections treatment in the long term may cause bacteria become resistant. Exploration of microorganisms capable to produce antimicrobial compounds have widely been reported. One of which is actinomycetes, a gram-positive bacteria that produce various secondary metabolites. The purpose of this study was to test and select the ability of 20 isolates of actinomycetes (14 isolates from the rhizosphere of the Siak-siak plant (Dianella ensifolia) and six isolates from mangrove soil in Kuala Enok, Tanah Merah district, Indragiri Hilir) using plug agar diffusion method against E.coli under Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) medium for 24 hours. Two isolates (RK4 and RW5) formed inhibition zones against E.coli with diameters of 8 mm and 10.5 mm, respectively. Based on the results obtained, the two isolates were classified as bacteriostatic. In addition, inhibition capability of RK4 and RW5 isolates were respectively classified into weak and moderate inhibitory criteria.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI METABOLIT SEKUNDER AKTINOMISETES YANG DIEKSTRAKSI MENGGUNAKAN ETIL ASETAT
(2020-08) Melindah, Tamina; Roza, Rodesia Mustika
Infection from pathogenic bacteria can cause various diseases in humans, such as diarrhea. The diarrheal disease can be caused by bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella flexineri. Meanwhile, actinomycetes are reported to be one of the producers of antibiotics. The actinomycetes used were isolated from soil in the Universitas Riau Arboretum, namely isolates B1.06, B3.13, C2.18, A2.01, and C2.20. The purpose of this study was to study the antibacterial activity of secondary metabolites of Actinomycetes extracted using ethyl acetate against pathogenic bacteria that cause diarrheal diseases. The disk diffusion method was used for testing antibacterial activity. From the results, it was found that the actinomycetes isolate was able to overcome the pathogenic bacteria, with a diameter of inhibition zone formed was 8.2 mm against Salmonella typhimurium and 20.6 mm against Shigella flexineri. The diameter of the inhibition zone formed was compared with the tetracylcline and produced antibacterial activity criteria of actinomycetes isolates that were resistant, intermediate and sensitive.
AKTIVITAS ANTIDEPRESAN EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT BIJI PINANG TUA DENGAN METODA FORCED SWIM TEST PADA MENCIT JANTAN (Mus musculus)
(Elfitra, 2023-07) Sumarni, Sumarni; Novianty, Riryn
Depression is a mental disorder characterized by a persistently lowered mood and leads to patients experiencing decreased productivity and even ending in suicide. Antidepressants can be used for the initial treatment of depressed patients. Herbs has potential as antidepressants that can be selected using the Forced Swim Test (FST) method. This study aims to determine the antidepressant activity of the ethyl acetate extract of old areca nut seeds through the FST method in an acute manner. FST was used because it was one of the most widely used in vivo methods for antidepressant screening in basic and preclinical studies. Intraperitoneal injection of mice was performed 1 hour before FST at a dose of 10 mg/kg and the control group was injected with 0.9% saline only. Ethyl acetate extract of old areca nut seeds dose of 10 mg/kg was not effective as an antidepressant because the decrease in immobility time was not significantly different to control.
AKTIVITAS ANTIDEPRESAN EKSTRAK METANOL BIJI PINANG MUDA DENGAN METODA FORCED SWIM TEST PADA MENCIT JANTAN (Mus musculus)
(Elfitra, 2023-05) Neldi, Mitra Frecilia; Novianty, Riryn
Depression is a mood disorder in the form of deep depressing emotions or feelings. Depressive disorders often occur in society and become the biggest contributor to suicide. The main pharmacological therapy for depressive disorders is antidepressant drugs. The Forced Swim Test (FST) method is a method commonly used for antidepressant screening. This study aims to determine the antidepressant activity of young areca seed methanol extract through the FST method in an acute manner. The in vivo FST method was chosen because it can be a specific test to measure behavior that is common for antidepressant treatments that have pharmacological effects. The injection was carried out intraperitoneally 1 hour before FST at a dose of 10 mg/kg and the control group was only injected with 0.9% saline. The methanol extract of 10 mg/kg of young areca nut seeds has no potential as an antidepressant as evidenced by the absence of a significant decrease in immobility time compared to the control.
AKTIVITAS ANTIDEPRESAN EKSTRAK n-HEKSANA BIJI PALA DENGAN METODA FORCED SWIM TEST PADA MENCIT JANTAN (Mus musculus)
(Elfitra, 2023-08) Andryani, Mega; Novianty, Riryn
Depression is a disease associated with feelings of sadness and symptoms such as changes in sleep patterns, appetite, concentration and feelings of hopelessness. Depressive disorders can be experienced by adults and children can also experience depression regardless of social class. Pharmacological therapy for depressive disorders is a drug from the class of antidepressants. The method commonly used for antidepressant screening is the Forced Swim Test (FST). This study aims to determine the antidepressant activity of n-hexane extract of nutmeg through the FST method in an acute manner. FST is used because it is an in vivo method which can be a special test in basic and pre-clinical research. The injection was carried out intraperitoneally 1 hour before FST at a dose of 50 mg/kg and the control group was only injected with 0.9% saline. The n-hexane extract 50 mg/kg of nutmeg seed had no potential as an antidepressant as evidenced by the decrease in immobility time which was not significantly different from the control.
AKTIVITAS ANTIDEPRESAN EKSTRAK N-HEKSANA BIJI PINANG MUDA DENGAN METODA FORCED SWIM TEST PADA MENCIT JANTAN (Mus musculus)
(Elfitra, 2023-05) Ya’la, Fitra Audhi; Novianty, Riryn
Depression is a mental disorder caused by an imbalance of neurotransmitters which can be treated with antidepressants. The method commonly used for antidepressant screening which is validated by animal behavior is the Forced Swim Test (FST). It has not been clarified the antidepressant activity of n-hexane extract young areca nut (Areca catechu L.). Therefore, this study aimed to perform FST on mice which had been injected acutely with young areca nut n-hexane extract. The young areca nut n-hexane extract was injected intraperitoneally 1 hour before FST to mice at doses of 100 mg/kg, while the the vehicle control group was only injected 0.9% saline. The n-hexane extract young areca nut seeds at a dose of 100 mg/kg has no potential as an antidepressant. This was evidenced by the unsatisfactory results, the extract induced a significant decline in the immobility time of the mice that had been injected with the drug sample.
AKTIVITAS ANTIDEPRESAN EKSTRAK n-HEKSANA BIJI PINANG TUA DENGAN METODA FORCED SWIM TEST PADA MENCIT JANTAN (Mus musculus)
(Elfitra, 2023-12) Rahayu
Depression is a mental health disorder characterized by unstable mood and frequent emotional changes. Antidepressant drugs can be used as initial pharmacological therapy for depressive disorders. The Forced Swim Test (FST) method is a method used to see antidepressant activity. This study aims to determine the antidepressant activity of n-hexane extract of mature areca nut seeds using the FST method acutely. FST was used because it is one of the most widely used in vivo methods for detecting antidepressant drugs in test animals. The injection into mice was carried out intraperitoneally 1 hour before FST at a dose of 10 mg/kg and the control group was only injected with 0.9% saline. N-hexane extract of old areca nut seeds at a dose of 10 mg/kg was not effective as an antidepressant because there was no significant reduction in immobility time compared to controls.
AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA EKSTRAK KO-KULTUR ISOLAT JAMUR LOKAL RIAU Penicillium sp. LBKURCC34 DAN Penicillium sp. LBKURCC30
(Elfitra, 2023-09) Rahmat, Riska Alifia; Nurulita, Yuana
Penicillium sp. LBKURCC34 and LBKURCC30 are fungi that have the potential to produce secondary metabolites that have many activities. This study was conducted to produce secondary metabolites using co-culture fermentation. Extraction of secondary metabolites was carried out using ethyl acetate (EtOAc), butanol (BuOH) and acetone (Ace). Antimicrobial activity test of these three extracts was conducted using disc diffusion method. Based on the clear zone area at concentrations of 2000 and 200 μg/disk, the three extracts did not have antibacterial activity against the four pathogenic microbes. Antifungal test results at a concentration of 2000 μg/disk these three extracts have antifungal activity against C. albicans fungi, while at a concentration of 200 μg/disk only EtOAc and BuOH extracts have antifungal activity.
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSRAK LUMUT Leucobryum sp. MENGGUNAKAN METODE DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhidrazyl)
(2020-10) Hayati, Suci; Fitmawati, Fitmawati
Leucobryum sp. is a moss from Leucobryaceae family, that is known to contain active compounds both primary and secondary metabolites, which can be used as antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer substances. This study used DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method and methanol as a solvent for extraction for analyzing antioxidant activity. Based on the results of the antioxidant activity test, the IC50 value of Leucobryum sp. was 228.2268 ppm.

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